{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2420110223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2016.2572666","title":"Fold-based Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov Modulation Classifier","display_name":"Fold-based Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov Modulation Classifier","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2420110223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2016.2572666","mag":"2420110223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2016.2572666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2016.2572666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044446485","display_name":"Fanggang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-2807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanggang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-2807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial University, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065701256","display_name":"Chung Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-0898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101935050","display_name":"Jingwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-2452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97143007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"1003","last_page":"1007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7293782234191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6214038133621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5665085315704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.515303373336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4918491840362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4320332109928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.430355429649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3284255266189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32400748133659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.15181571245193481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.08500567078590393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7293782234191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6214038133621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5665085315704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.515303373336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4918491840362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4320332109928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.430355429649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3284255266189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32400748133659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.15181571245193481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.08500567078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2016.2572666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2016.2572666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1626130668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1334202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3073121479","display_name":"\u591a\u5411\u4e2d\u7ee7\u901a\u4fe1\u9ad8\u6548\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5588094138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015JBM112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8004413762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCS2016ZT013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8743911392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"327285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484094384","https://openalex.org/W1666202160","https://openalex.org/W1972973610","https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2015234197","https://openalex.org/W2016554570","https://openalex.org/W2054707875","https://openalex.org/W2114267371","https://openalex.org/W2124555855","https://openalex.org/W2142363115","https://openalex.org/W2147735901","https://openalex.org/W2147893740","https://openalex.org/W2170778725","https://openalex.org/W2342475147","https://openalex.org/W2798333393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386488234","https://openalex.org/W2347953688","https://openalex.org/W2116888164","https://openalex.org/W1563232508","https://openalex.org/W2157470465","https://openalex.org/W2997519860","https://openalex.org/W2133780524","https://openalex.org/W2169013630","https://openalex.org/W1581973943","https://openalex.org/W2162269081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modulation":[0],"classification":[1],"is":[2,21,33,63,78,84],"crucial":[3],"in":[4],"applications":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7],"electronic":[8],"warfare":[9],"and":[10,80],"interference":[11],"cancellation.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"letter,":[15],"a":[16,37],"novel":[17],"feature-based":[18],"Kolmogorov-Smirnov":[19],"classifier":[20,62],"proposed":[22,61],"for":[23],"the":[24,27,43,57,60,68,90],"identification":[25],"of":[26,51,59,67,89],"modulation":[28,44],"formats.":[29],"The":[30],"received":[31],"signal":[32],"first":[34],"preprocessed":[35],"with":[36],"folding":[38],"operation":[39],"that":[40,56,66,88],"helps":[41],"identify":[42],"formats":[45],"based":[46],"on":[47],"their":[48],"different":[49],"axes":[50],"symmetry.":[52],"Simulation":[53],"results":[54],"show":[55],"performance":[58],"close":[64],"to":[65,75,87],"optimal":[69,91],"likelihood-based":[70,92],"classifier,":[71],"while":[72],"its":[73,81],"robustness":[74],"noise":[76],"uncertainty":[77],"improved":[79],"computational":[82],"complexity":[83],"reduced":[85],"compared":[86],"classifier.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}