{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122476880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2014.2371332","title":"Non-Local Means Image Denoising With a Soft Threshold","display_name":"Non-Local Means Image Denoising With a Soft Threshold","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122476880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2014.2371332","mag":"2122476880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2014.2371332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2014.2371332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366021","display_name":"Lu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3398-8057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142415962","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03aefdx31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142415962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142415962"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013520734","display_name":"Weiqi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1147-5242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142415962","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03aefdx31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142415962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1147-5242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142415962"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397898","display_name":"Xia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9925-5465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142415962","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03aefdx31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142415962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142415962"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95448322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"833","last_page":"837"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5828196406364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.5767519474029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.561799943447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.534345805644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5187302231788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5089147090911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.49324601888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4926510453224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.48991698026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4810640811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.48029348254203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.47984951734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-local-means","display_name":"Non-local means","score":0.4616353511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45823007822036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.43408992886543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.42509496212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.4155743420124054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2584323287010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23850134015083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-denoising","display_name":"Image denoising","score":0.21396732330322266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5828196406364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.5767519474029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.561799943447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.534345805644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5187302231788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5089147090911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.49324601888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4926510453224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.48991698026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4810640811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48029348254203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.47984951734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101453961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7048948","display_name":"Non-local means","level":4,"score":0.4616353511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45823007822036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.43408992886543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42509496212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.4155743420124054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2584323287010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23850134015083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983327147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Image denoising","level":3,"score":0.21396732330322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2014.2371332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2014.2371332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964458689","https://openalex.org/W1965102920","https://openalex.org/W1971066121","https://openalex.org/W1973207753","https://openalex.org/W1993296994","https://openalex.org/W1998419211","https://openalex.org/W2001002651","https://openalex.org/W2001605855","https://openalex.org/W2007203285","https://openalex.org/W2015970499","https://openalex.org/W2018322597","https://openalex.org/W2023926794","https://openalex.org/W2026794295","https://openalex.org/W2032309205","https://openalex.org/W2035425462","https://openalex.org/W2045944308","https://openalex.org/W2054640142","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2060945009","https://openalex.org/W2061764838","https://openalex.org/W2062127501","https://openalex.org/W2066642911","https://openalex.org/W2083609718","https://openalex.org/W2090571884","https://openalex.org/W2093014173","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2104154760","https://openalex.org/W2112575052","https://openalex.org/W2116857329","https://openalex.org/W2117214938","https://openalex.org/W2118071128","https://openalex.org/W2128265222","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2136396015","https://openalex.org/W2137901785","https://openalex.org/W2143131425","https://openalex.org/W2145568341","https://openalex.org/W2154688547","https://openalex.org/W2156668482","https://openalex.org/W2161037052","https://openalex.org/W2162053094","https://openalex.org/W2163168659","https://openalex.org/W2317084172","https://openalex.org/W2536599074","https://openalex.org/W3098164245","https://openalex.org/W3101421731","https://openalex.org/W3101641268","https://openalex.org/W3146233305","https://openalex.org/W6666315211","https://openalex.org/W6699464847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2761243560","https://openalex.org/W233850645","https://openalex.org/W2098237619","https://openalex.org/W2511423457","https://openalex.org/W2776327255","https://openalex.org/W1974796563","https://openalex.org/W4213271663","https://openalex.org/W1538114257","https://openalex.org/W2137901785","https://openalex.org/W3046917719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-local":[0],"means":[1],"(NLM)":[2],"are":[3],"typically":[4],"biased":[5],"by":[6,70],"the":[7,25,40,55,75,86,101,108,116,119,132],"accumulation":[8],"of":[9,67,78,131,150],"small":[10,26],"weights":[11,27],"associated":[12],"with":[13,28,43],"dissimilar":[14],"patches,":[15],"especially":[16],"at":[17],"image":[18,103],"edges.":[19],"Hence,":[20],"we":[21,61,92],"propose":[22],"to":[23,32,73,84,99,105],"null":[24],"a":[29,44,94],"soft":[30,45],"threshold":[31,46],"reduce":[33],"this":[34,38],"accumulation.":[35],"We":[36],"call":[37],"method":[39],"NLM":[41,122],"filter":[42,98],"(NLM-ST).":[47],"Its":[48],"Stein's":[49],"unbiased":[50],"risk":[51],"estimate":[52],"(SURE)":[53],"approaches":[54],"true":[56],"mean":[57],"square":[58],"error;":[59],"thus,":[60],"can":[62],"linearly":[63],"aggregate":[64],"multiple":[65],"NLM-STs":[66],"Monte-Carlo-generated":[68],"parameters":[69],"minimizing":[71],"SURE":[72],"surpass":[74],"performance":[76,110],"limit":[77],"single":[79],"NLM-ST,":[80],"which":[81],"is":[82,146],"referred":[83],"as":[85],"Monte-Carlo-based":[87],"linear":[88],"aggregation":[89],"(MCLA).":[90],"Finally,":[91],"employ":[93],"simple":[95],"moving":[96],"average":[97],"smooth":[100],"MCLA":[102],"sequence":[104],"further":[106],"improve":[107],"denoising":[109],"and":[111,123,140],"stability.":[112],"Experiments":[113],"indicate":[114],"that":[115,149],"NLM-ST":[117],"outperforms":[118],"classic":[120],"patchwise":[121],"three":[124],"other":[125],"well-known":[126],"recent":[127],"variants":[128],"in":[129],"terms":[130],"peak":[133],"signal-to-noise":[134],"ratio":[135],"(PSNR),":[136],"structural":[137],"similarity":[138],"(SSIM),":[139],"visual":[141],"quality.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"its":[144],"PSNR":[145],"higher":[147],"than":[148],"BM3D":[151],"for":[152],"certain":[153],"images.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
