{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037974317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2013.2295858","title":"Revealing the Traces of Median Filtering Using High-Order Local Ternary Patterns","display_name":"Revealing the Traces of Median Filtering Using High-Order Local Ternary Patterns","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037974317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2013.2295858","mag":"2037974317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2013.2295858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2013.2295858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684572","display_name":"Yujin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1225-4334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Sch. of Electron. Inf. & Electr. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. Inf. & Electr. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673372","display_name":"Shenghong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-2307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenghong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Sch. of Electron. Inf. & Electr. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. Inf. & Electr. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101717685","display_name":"Shilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-6809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Sch. of Electron. Inf. & Electr. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. Inf. & Electr. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112253415","display_name":"Yun Q. Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4038-0430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Qing Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., New Jersey Inst. of Tech., Newark, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., New Jersey Inst. of Tech., Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98141062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"275","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6413431763648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6407926082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6076308488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5898054242134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.5465564131736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5064986944198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","score":0.46833017468452454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.4379953444004059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.4351775348186493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3683236241340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3523521423339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29216694831848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.18644964694976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.13566547632217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.0906006395816803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6413431763648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6407926082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6076308488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5898054242134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.5465564131736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5064986944198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.46833017468452454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.4379953444004059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4351775348186493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3683236241340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3523521423339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29216694831848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.18644964694976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.13566547632217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.0906006395816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2013.2295858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2013.2295858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994743750","https://openalex.org/W2019716459","https://openalex.org/W2061395358","https://openalex.org/W2069759906","https://openalex.org/W2096933452","https://openalex.org/W2097777575","https://openalex.org/W2131081720","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155084545","https://openalex.org/W2159244236","https://openalex.org/W2160921722","https://openalex.org/W2163352848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W2791313072","https://openalex.org/W2132430194","https://openalex.org/W2543923804","https://openalex.org/W2398887903","https://openalex.org/W2118232727","https://openalex.org/W1552109592","https://openalex.org/W2127229869","https://openalex.org/W2391961537","https://openalex.org/W2121506664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"detecting":[1],"the":[2,6,25,36,58,76,93,113,116,121,131],"traces":[3],"introduced":[4],"by":[5,81,99],"content-preserving":[7],"image":[8,47],"manipulations":[9],"has":[10],"received":[11],"a":[12,29,52,83],"great":[13],"deal":[14],"of":[15,38,42,90,95,115],"attention":[16],"from":[17],"forensic":[18],"analyzers.":[19],"It":[20],"is":[21,28,41,64,88,109],"well":[22],"known":[23],"that":[24,130],"median":[26,39,67,100],"filter":[27],"widely":[30],"used":[31],"nonlinear":[32],"denoising":[33],"operator.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"detection":[37],"filtering":[40,68],"important":[43],"realistic":[44],"significance":[45],"in":[46],"forensics.":[48],"In":[49,102],"this":[50],"letter,":[51],"novel":[53],"local":[54,60,72,77,96],"texture":[55,73,97],"operator,":[56],"named":[57],"second-order":[59],"ternary":[61],"pattern":[62],"(LTP),":[63],"proposed":[65,71,117,132],"for":[66],"detection.":[69],"The":[70,125],"operator":[74],"encodes":[75],"derivative":[78],"direction":[79],"variations":[80],"using":[82],"3-valued":[84],"coding":[85],"function":[86],"and":[87],"capable":[89],"effectively":[91],"capturing":[92],"changes":[94],"caused":[98],"filtering.":[101],"addition,":[103],"kernel":[104],"principal":[105],"component":[106],"analysis":[107],"(KPCA)":[108],"exploited":[110],"to":[111],"reduce":[112],"dimensionality":[114],"feature":[118],"set,":[119],"making":[120],"computational":[122],"cost":[123],"manageable.":[124],"experiment":[126],"results":[127],"have":[128],"shown":[129],"scheme":[133],"performs":[134],"better":[135],"than":[136],"several":[137],"state-of-the-art":[138],"approaches":[139],"investigated.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}