{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107047395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2009.2033965","title":"A Low-Complexity Sliding-Window Kalman FIR Smoother for Discrete-Time Models","display_name":"A Low-Complexity Sliding-Window Kalman FIR Smoother for Discrete-Time Models","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107047395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2009.2033965","mag":"2107047395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2009.2033965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2009.2033965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020710318","display_name":"David Crouse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-1973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.F. Crouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019392883","display_name":"Peter Willett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-5586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Willett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044127482","display_name":"Yaakov Bar\u2010Shalom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-3368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Bar-Shalom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87896311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"177","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invertible-matrix","display_name":"Invertible matrix","score":0.8498439788818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.758691668510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-impulse-response","display_name":"Finite impulse response","score":0.7112414836883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.5695082545280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5395731925964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5075885057449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4688096344470978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-time-and-continuous-time","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","score":0.46576833724975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.45638659596443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infinite-impulse-response","display_name":"Infinite impulse response","score":0.452495276927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4078727066516876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.39303484559059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.38589003682136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3845866322517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-filter","display_name":"Digital filter","score":0.3407994508743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.2659510374069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.14481770992279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.14406907558441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11802530288696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.0759507417678833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96442724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242188","display_name":"Invertible matrix","level":2,"score":0.8498439788818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.758691668510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198386975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117785","display_name":"Finite impulse response","level":2,"score":0.7112414836883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.5695082545280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5395731925964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5075885057449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4688096344470978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55689738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15963867","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","level":2,"score":0.46576833724975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.45638659596443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183816354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665617","display_name":"Infinite impulse response","level":4,"score":0.452495276927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4078727066516876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.39303484559059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.38589003682136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3845866322517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36390408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163067","display_name":"Digital filter","level":3,"score":0.3407994508743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2659510374069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.14481770992279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.14406907558441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11802530288696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0759507417678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2009.2033965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2009.2033965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559106936","https://openalex.org/W1593770252","https://openalex.org/W1965986641","https://openalex.org/W1971711046","https://openalex.org/W2001399218","https://openalex.org/W2022749616","https://openalex.org/W2075129792","https://openalex.org/W2082180697","https://openalex.org/W2089897235","https://openalex.org/W2113356455","https://openalex.org/W2129078811","https://openalex.org/W2138896396","https://openalex.org/W2141179401","https://openalex.org/W2150873417","https://openalex.org/W2161129698","https://openalex.org/W2163339627","https://openalex.org/W3122499550","https://openalex.org/W4253198034","https://openalex.org/W4298563212","https://openalex.org/W6633313976","https://openalex.org/W6682543868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2485053190","https://openalex.org/W2142009384","https://openalex.org/W4312785053","https://openalex.org/W3208746183","https://openalex.org/W2067519269","https://openalex.org/W2810377961","https://openalex.org/W2912776486","https://openalex.org/W2058863651","https://openalex.org/W2031892245","https://openalex.org/W1924764650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70],"information":[1,35,68],"filter":[2,9],"is":[3,115,126,130],"a":[4,29,54,75,104],"form":[5,78],"of":[6,13,31,33,91,97],"the":[7,34,40,43,64,67,81,95,98,119,122],"Kalman":[8,45,59],"that,":[10],"in":[11,110,118,132],"many":[12],"its":[14],"realizations,":[15],"allows":[16,102],"optimal,":[17],"unbiased,":[18],"recursive":[19,77],"state":[20,25,123],"estimation":[21],"without":[22],"an":[23],"initial":[24],"estimate.":[26],"We":[27,37],"review":[28],"number":[30],"forms":[32],"filter.":[36,69],"then":[38],"derive":[39],"coefficients":[41],"for":[42,66,79,103],"sliding-window":[44],"finite":[46],"impulse":[47],"response":[48],"(FIR)":[49],"smoother":[50,73],"(also":[51],"known":[52],"as":[53],"receding":[55],"or":[56],"moving":[57],"horizon":[58],"FIR":[60,72],"smoother)":[61],"starting":[62],"from":[63],"equations":[65],"resulting":[71],"has":[74],"simple,":[76],"calculating":[80],"coefficients,":[82],"allowing":[83],"them":[84],"to":[85],"be":[86],"calculated":[87],"with$O(N)$complexity":[88],"versus":[89],"the$O(N^{2})$to$O(N^{3})$complexity":[90],"previous":[92,111],"approaches,":[93],"where$N$is":[94],"length":[96],"batch.":[99],"It":[100],"also":[101],"control":[105],"input,":[106],"something":[107],"not":[108],"present":[109],"algorithms.":[112],"This":[113],"method":[114],"only":[116],"limited":[117],"assumption":[120],"that":[121],"transition":[124],"matrix":[125],"invertible,":[127],"which,":[128],"however,":[129],"satisfied":[131],"most":[133],"practical":[134],"problems.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
