{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099585902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2009.2024589","title":"Image Description Using a Multiplier-Less Operator","display_name":"Image Description Using a Multiplier-Less Operator","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099585902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2009.2024589","mag":"2099585902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2009.2024589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2009.2024589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086340608","display_name":"Hakan Tuna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","display_name":"Bilkent University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vh8a032","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakan Tuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey","Bilkent University, Ankara, TURKEY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilkent University, Ankara, TURKEY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105231625","display_name":"\u0130brahim Onaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-4077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","display_name":"Bilkent University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vh8a032","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Onaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey","Bilkent University, Ankara, TURKEY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilkent University, Ankara, TURKEY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113644545","display_name":"A. Enis \u00c7etin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7700-7124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","display_name":"Bilkent University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vh8a032","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Enis Cetin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey","Bilkent University, Ankara, TURKEY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilkent University, Ankara, TURKEY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93483018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"751","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.6771200895309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5969800353050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.5153364539146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.5125267505645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5107545852661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.4925997853279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-operator","display_name":"Covariance operator","score":0.4695095717906952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4408864974975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.43695566058158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shift-operator","display_name":"Shift operator","score":0.4260806739330292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42154067754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.4198075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37813276052474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3566020131111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compact-operator","display_name":"Compact operator","score":0.18639758229255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0660458505153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.06447568535804749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.6771200895309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5969800353050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.5153364539146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5125267505645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5107545852661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.4925997853279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103692563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5178900","display_name":"Covariance operator","level":3,"score":0.4695095717906952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4408864974975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43695566058158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65630602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2278680","display_name":"Shift operator","level":4,"score":0.4260806739330292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42154067754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.4198075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37813276052474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3566020131111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79013869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780743","display_name":"Compact operator","level":3,"score":0.18639758229255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0660458505153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.06447568535804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2009.2024589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2009.2024589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.226.3989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.226.3989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://signal.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/onaran.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.bilkent.edu.tr:11693/11767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11693/11767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400079","display_name":"Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","host_organization_name":"Bilkent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.bilkent.edu.tr:11693/22530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11693/22530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400079","display_name":"Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","host_organization_name":"Bilkent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549083695","https://openalex.org/W1589717461","https://openalex.org/W1592510033","https://openalex.org/W1967914497","https://openalex.org/W2101850393","https://openalex.org/W2107610997","https://openalex.org/W2114751576","https://openalex.org/W2117638598","https://openalex.org/W2146643607","https://openalex.org/W2162477536","https://openalex.org/W2165797462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093936885","https://openalex.org/W2994146737","https://openalex.org/W295308437","https://openalex.org/W2992046671","https://openalex.org/W2106539092","https://openalex.org/W4205300683","https://openalex.org/W334259611","https://openalex.org/W2731029811","https://openalex.org/W56570565","https://openalex.org/W2168810996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"fast":[1],"algorithm":[2],"for":[3],"image":[4,40],"classification":[5],"based":[6,31],"on":[7,15,32],"a":[8,13],"computationally":[9],"efficient":[10],"operator":[11,22,35],"forming":[12],"semigroup":[14],"real":[16],"numbers":[17],"is":[18,36,46,60,69],"developed.":[19,47],"The":[20,28,66,78],"new":[21,34,64],"does":[23],"not":[24],"require":[25],"any":[26,92],"multiplications.":[27,93],"co-difference":[29,44],"matrix":[30,45,76],"the":[33,43,49,52,56,63,73,85,86],"defined":[37],"and":[38,96],"an":[39],"descriptor":[41,80],"using":[42],"In":[48],"proposed":[50,67,79],"method,":[51],"multiplication":[53],"operation":[54],"of":[55],"well-known":[57],"covariance":[58,75,88],"method":[59,68,89],"replaced":[61],"by":[62],"operator.":[65],"experimentally":[70],"compared":[71],"with":[72],"regular":[74,87],"method.":[77],"performs":[81],"as":[82,84],"well":[83],"without":[90],"performing":[91],"Texture":[94],"recognition":[95],"licence":[97],"plate":[98],"identification":[99],"examples":[100],"are":[101],"presented.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
