{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164565448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2026.3703262","title":"Partially Observable Adversarial Patch Attacks on Vision-Language-Action Models in Robotics","display_name":"Partially Observable Adversarial Patch Attacks on Vision-Language-Action Models in Robotics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164565448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2026.3703262"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2026.3703262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2026.3703262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123374869","display_name":"Xiaofei Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6346-9610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025147896","display_name":"Mingliang Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingliang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0712-1718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048029092","display_name":"Tianyu Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-5898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138522007","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031386345","display_name":"Y ZHAO","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Bo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-5297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047533842","display_name":"Keke Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-1022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keke Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-1022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74467257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"8","first_page":"9351","last_page":"9358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.32829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6370999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5408999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2026.3703262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2026.3703262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5581019592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025A1515010157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8697093998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision-language-action":[0],"(VLA)":[1],"models":[2],"are":[3],"gaining":[4],"attention":[5,90],"in":[6,39,126,133],"robotics,":[7],"yet":[8],"their":[9],"robustness":[10],"to":[11,31,64,70,92,99,108],"adversarial":[12,21,144],"attacks":[13],"remains":[14],"largely":[15],"unexplored.":[16],"Existing":[17],"work":[18],"shows":[19],"that":[20,97,140],"patches":[22],"can":[23,55],"mislead":[24],"VLA-based":[25],"robots":[26],"but":[27],"assumes":[28],"full":[29,101],"access":[30],"the":[32,53,62,85,88,100,106,110,118],"entire":[33],"execution":[34],"trajectory,":[35],"an":[36],"unrealistic":[37],"requirement":[38],"practice.":[40],"We":[41],"address":[42],"this":[43,75],"limitation":[44],"by":[45],"formulating":[46],"a":[47,58,66,79],"partially":[48],"observable":[49],"threat":[50],"model,":[51],"where":[52],"adversary":[54],"exploit":[56],"only":[57],"short":[59],"prefix":[60],"of":[61,113,120],"trajectory":[63],"generate":[65],"fixed":[67],"patch":[68,86,107],"applied":[69],"all":[71],"subsequent":[72],"frames.":[73],"Under":[74],"setting,":[76],"we":[77,83,104],"propose":[78],"twophase":[80],"framework.":[81],"First,":[82],"localize":[84],"using":[87],"model's":[89],"maps":[91],"identify":[93],"visually":[94],"critical":[95],"regions":[96],"correspond":[98],"instruction.":[102],"Then,":[103],"optimize":[105],"disrupt":[109],"semantic":[111],"grounding":[112],"target":[114],"objects":[115],"and":[116,129,135,152],"increase":[117],"curvature":[119],"action":[121],"trajectories,":[122],"thereby":[123],"compounding":[124],"failures":[125],"both":[127],"perception":[128],"control.":[130],"Extensive":[131],"experiments":[132],"simulation":[134],"real-world":[136],"robotic":[137],"environments":[138],"show":[139],"our":[141],"method":[142],"sustains":[143],"effects":[145],"under":[146],"partial":[147],"observability,":[148],"inducing":[149],"longhorizon":[150],"disruptions":[151],"significantly":[153],"reducing":[154],"task":[155],"success":[156],"rates.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-06-13T00:00:00"}