{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411231957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2025.3579620","title":"Detection of Texting While Walking in Occluded Environment Using Variational Autoencoder for Safe Mobile Robot Navigation","display_name":"Detection of Texting While Walking in Occluded Environment Using Variational Autoencoder for Safe Mobile Robot Navigation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411231957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2025.3579620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2025.3579620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2025.3579620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054560497","display_name":"Hayato Terao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-1385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayato Terao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087969621","display_name":"Jiaxu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-6963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-6963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056335309","display_name":"Qi An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-2632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-2632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021260328","display_name":"Atsushi Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-069X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-069X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63227706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"7675","last_page":"7682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.7102000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.7102000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.6604999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.6466000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.9141327142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.6610847115516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6044319868087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5746826529502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5289768576622009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5206784009933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3781029284000397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.17586058378219604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.9141327142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.6610847115516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6044319868087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5746826529502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5289768576622009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5206784009933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3781029284000397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.17586058378219604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2025.3579620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2025.3579620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969736110","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2905312967","https://openalex.org/W2905513778","https://openalex.org/W2910164606","https://openalex.org/W2962962024","https://openalex.org/W2963287796","https://openalex.org/W3003348829","https://openalex.org/W3138277108","https://openalex.org/W4283273834","https://openalex.org/W4391678059","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6678911119","https://openalex.org/W6744627333","https://openalex.org/W6783990618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W2122871747","https://openalex.org/W3114279067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"autonomous":[1],"mobile":[2],"robots":[3,15],"begin":[4],"to":[5,16,23,99,130],"populate":[6],"public":[7],"spaces,":[8],"it":[9],"is":[10,29,128],"becoming":[11],"increasingly":[12],"important":[13],"for":[14,41,147],"accurately":[17],"distinguish":[18],"pedestrians":[19,36,69,88],"and":[20,110,122],"navigate":[21],"safely":[22],"avoid":[24],"collisions.":[25],"Texting":[26],"while":[27,120],"walking":[28],"a":[30,62,78,107],"common":[31,64],"but":[32],"hazardous":[33],"behavior":[34],"among":[35],"that":[37,82,162],"poses":[38],"significant":[39],"challenges":[40],"robot":[42],"navigation":[43],"systems.":[44],"While":[45],"several":[46],"studies":[47,160],"have":[48,56],"addressed":[49],"the":[50,58,104,132,163],"detection":[51],"of":[52,60,68],"text":[53,84],"walkers,":[54],"many":[55],"overlooked":[57],"impact":[59],"occlusions,":[61],"very":[63],"phenomenon":[65],"where":[66],"parts":[67],"are":[70],"obscured":[71],"from":[72,86],"sensor's":[73],"view.":[74],"This":[75],"study":[76],"proposes":[77],"machine":[79],"learning":[80],"method":[81,94],"distinguishes":[83],"walkers":[85],"other":[87,123],"in":[89,141,150],"video":[90,97],"data.":[91],"The":[92],"proposed":[93,164],"processes":[95],"each":[96],"frame":[98],"extract":[100],"body":[101,156],"keypoints,":[102],"encodes":[103],"keypoints":[105],"into":[106,114],"latent":[108],"space,":[109],"classifies":[111],"pedestrian":[112,152],"activities":[113,153],"three":[115],"categories:":[116],"normal":[117],"walking,":[118,121],"texting":[119],"activities.":[124],"A":[125],"variational":[126],"autoencoder":[127],"incorporated":[129],"enhance":[131],"system's":[133],"robustness":[134],"under":[135],"various":[136],"occlusion":[137,170],"scenarios.":[138,171],"Performance":[139],"tests":[140],"real-world":[142],"environments":[143],"identified":[144],"potential":[145],"areas":[146],"improvement,":[148],"particularly":[149],"distinguishing":[151],"with":[154],"similar":[155],"postures.":[157],"However,":[158],"ablation":[159],"demonstrated":[161],"system":[165],"performs":[166],"reliably":[167],"across":[168],"different":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}