{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394966964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2024.3391691","title":"Maneuver-Conditioned Decision Transformer for Tactical in-Flight Decision-Making","display_name":"Maneuver-Conditioned Decision Transformer for Tactical in-Flight Decision-Making","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394966964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2024.3391691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2024.3391691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2024.3391691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079089262","display_name":"Hoseong Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-810X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoseong Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-810X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084700021","display_name":"Yong-Duk Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3017-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Duk Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3017-6095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103233233","display_name":"Youngjung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-0160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngjung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-0160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.16,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93404899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"5322","last_page":"5329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7625957131385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6871479749679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6350765228271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6164283752441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5974865555763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5791526436805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5599713921546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5132136344909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.4905768930912018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.47619616985321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.19004389643669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18627047538757324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7625957131385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6871479749679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6350765228271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6164283752441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5974865555763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5791526436805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5599713921546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5132136344909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4905768930912018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.47619616985321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.19004389643669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18627047538757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2024.3391691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2024.3391691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540986431","https://openalex.org/W1607310033","https://openalex.org/W1757796397","https://openalex.org/W1942653913","https://openalex.org/W2023857055","https://openalex.org/W2075110355","https://openalex.org/W2128047129","https://openalex.org/W2769037371","https://openalex.org/W2998655286","https://openalex.org/W3016525976","https://openalex.org/W4282826478","https://openalex.org/W4287756699","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W4312309366","https://openalex.org/W4312470006","https://openalex.org/W4327662927","https://openalex.org/W4360584316","https://openalex.org/W4375929017","https://openalex.org/W4383109369","https://openalex.org/W4385681643","https://openalex.org/W4387303144","https://openalex.org/W6636160767","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6776601253","https://openalex.org/W6779656125","https://openalex.org/W6837789219","https://openalex.org/W6838931476","https://openalex.org/W6839526036","https://openalex.org/W6852609763","https://openalex.org/W6854268352","https://openalex.org/W6855168846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116862786","https://openalex.org/W4400868993","https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W2768698792","https://openalex.org/W1985560493","https://openalex.org/W2386410636","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2145363145","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W2341346307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"maneuver":[1,84,110,129],"decision":[2,107],"in":[3,114],"air":[4,53],"combat":[5],"is":[6,86,112],"a":[7,61,82,115],"challenging":[8],"task":[9],"with":[10,81],"high-dimensional":[11],"state-action":[12],"spaces":[13],"and":[14,71,91,126,136,164,175,181],"nonlinear":[15],"dynamics.":[16],"Existing":[17],"approaches":[18],"are":[19,37,122],"usually":[20],"based":[21],"on":[22],"online":[23,34],"learning":[24,49],"paradigms,":[25],"which":[26],"hinders":[27],"their":[28],"application":[29],"to":[30,89,139,159,165],"real-world":[31],"scenarios":[32],"where":[33,119],"interactions,i.e.,":[35],"trial-and-error,":[36],"impractical":[38],"or":[39],"dangerous.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,56],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,58],"explore":[45],"the":[46,101,106,128,145,152,179,184],"offline":[47,63,142,153,189],"reinforcement":[48],"framework":[50],"for":[51,94,124],"tactical":[52,97],"combat.":[54],"To":[55],"end,":[57],"first":[59],"construct":[60],"large-scale":[62],"dataset":[64],"of":[65,105,148,183],"demonstrations":[66],"from":[67,151],"hand-designed":[68],"planners,":[69],"humans,":[70],"expert":[72],"policies":[73],"using":[74],"an":[75],"interactive":[76],"simulator.":[77],"A":[78],"transformer-based":[79],"architecture":[80],"lightweight":[83],"pool":[85,111,134],"then":[87],"proposed":[88,185],"store":[90],"retrieve":[92],"information":[93],"generating":[95],"effective":[96],"maneuvers,":[98],"while":[99],"maintaining":[100],"sequential":[102],"modeling":[103],"ability":[104],"transformers.":[108],"The":[109],"structured":[113],"key-value":[116,120],"memory":[117],"space,":[118],"pairs":[121],"used":[123],"addressing":[125],"reading":[127],"pool.":[130],"We":[131],"also":[132],"propose":[133],"diversity":[135],"centralizing":[137],"losses":[138],"learn":[140,160],"our":[141],"policy,":[143],"boosting":[144],"discriminative":[146],"power":[147],"learned":[149],"features":[150],"dataset.":[154],"Our":[155],"formulation":[156],"allows":[157],"us":[158],"maneuver-specific":[161],"feature":[162],"prototypes,":[163],"explicitly":[166],"leverage":[167],"such":[168],"knowledge":[169],"during":[170],"inference.":[171],"Extensive":[172],"experimental":[173],"results":[174],"ablation":[176],"studies":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"effectiveness":[180],"flexibility":[182],"method,":[186],"outperforming":[187],"other":[188],"baselines.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}