{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389170060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2023.3337706","title":"Electroosmotic Self-Propelled Microswimmer With Magnetic Steering","display_name":"Electroosmotic Self-Propelled Microswimmer With Magnetic Steering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389170060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2023.3337706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2023.3337706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2023.3337706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070200982","display_name":"Toshiro Yamanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-2849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiro Yamanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-2849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091532948","display_name":"Fumihito Arai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2508-1615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fumihito Arai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2508-1615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6044,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63812338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"747","last_page":"754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12776","display_name":"Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscale-chemistry","display_name":"Microscale chemistry","score":0.8930607438087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.728062629699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-nanoparticles","display_name":"Magnetic nanoparticles","score":0.6225206851959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anode","display_name":"Anode","score":0.6060390472412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.5661358833312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.512923002243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4994690418243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.4558784067630768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluidics","display_name":"Fluidics","score":0.44304734468460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magneto","display_name":"Magneto","score":0.41774439811706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.41624966263771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle","display_name":"Nanoparticle","score":0.3940269947052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38664156198501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.34504538774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3297600746154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2754579186439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.25530940294265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.2105359137058258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.1619279682636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13536393642425537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179428855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069216","display_name":"Microscale chemistry","level":2,"score":0.8930607438087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.728062629699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87023908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3870166","display_name":"Magnetic nanoparticles","level":3,"score":0.6225206851959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.6060390472412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5661358833312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.512923002243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4994690418243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.4558784067630768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185571","display_name":"Fluidics","level":2,"score":0.44304734468460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171636128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307177","display_name":"Magneto","level":3,"score":0.41774439811706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.41624966263771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.3940269947052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38664156198501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34504538774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3297600746154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2754579186439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.25530940294265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2105359137058258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1619279682636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13536393642425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2023.3337706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2023.3337706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1746659732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP21K18696","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539356813","https://openalex.org/W1965859185","https://openalex.org/W1992936359","https://openalex.org/W2008624978","https://openalex.org/W2018108785","https://openalex.org/W2026853932","https://openalex.org/W2032464858","https://openalex.org/W2040051815","https://openalex.org/W2051723824","https://openalex.org/W2074011095","https://openalex.org/W2080376249","https://openalex.org/W2084244759","https://openalex.org/W2090730061","https://openalex.org/W2094796932","https://openalex.org/W2095968026","https://openalex.org/W2107159924","https://openalex.org/W2133361850","https://openalex.org/W2134174693","https://openalex.org/W2142999388","https://openalex.org/W2148113648","https://openalex.org/W2168046319","https://openalex.org/W2170609447","https://openalex.org/W2258395154","https://openalex.org/W2273949113","https://openalex.org/W2318637412","https://openalex.org/W2412956603","https://openalex.org/W2594355207","https://openalex.org/W2791351912","https://openalex.org/W2889132690","https://openalex.org/W2996697045","https://openalex.org/W4220901398","https://openalex.org/W4248388871","https://openalex.org/W4301491890","https://openalex.org/W4362474622","https://openalex.org/W4385731811","https://openalex.org/W4388399941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979808816","https://openalex.org/W2378045033","https://openalex.org/W2465699412","https://openalex.org/W2381864073","https://openalex.org/W2092867183","https://openalex.org/W4286285965","https://openalex.org/W1565353949","https://openalex.org/W2344770014","https://openalex.org/W2253974108","https://openalex.org/W2059408377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microswimmers":[0],"have":[1],"significant":[2],"potential":[3,74,174],"for":[4,31,180],"medical":[5,182],"applications":[6,183],"such":[7,184],"as":[8,167,178,185],"long-term":[9],"on-demand":[10],"medication,":[11],"painless":[12],"microscale":[13,38],"surgery,":[14],"and":[15,27,37,57,61,79,127,143],"so":[16],"on.":[17],"The":[18,69,85,109,123,150],"outstanding":[19],"challenge":[20],"is":[21],"to":[22,92,175,189],"realize":[23],"power":[24],"supply,":[25],"propulsion,":[26],"steering":[28,67,160],"mechanisms":[29],"suitable":[30],"operations":[32],"within":[33],"the":[34,42,100,103,107,114,159,173],"human":[35],"body":[36],"fluids.":[39],"We":[40],"propose":[41],"microswimmer":[43],"composed":[44],"of":[45,95,153],"a":[46,62,77,80,88,118,144,162,186],"self-propulsive":[47,89],"disk-shaped":[48],"module":[49],"with":[50,140],"multiple":[51],"channels":[52,104],"using":[53,65,129],"biofuel":[54],"cell":[55],"(BFC)":[56],"electroosmotic":[58,96],"propulsion":[59],"(EOP)":[60],"magnetic":[63,66,115,120,145,148],"rod":[64,116],"(MS).":[68],"BFC":[70],"produces":[71],"an":[72,130],"open-circuit":[73],"(OCP)":[75],"between":[76,106],"bioanode":[78],"biocathode":[81],"by":[82,99,112,158],"redox":[83],"reactions.":[84],"EOP":[86],"generates":[87],"velocity":[90],"due":[91],"counteracting":[93],"forces":[94],"flows":[97],"produced":[98],"OCP":[101],"in":[102,117,161,191],"arranged":[105],"electrodes.":[108],"MS":[110],"works":[111],"aligning":[113],"controlled":[119],"field":[121],"direction.":[122],"prototype":[124],"was":[125,165],"designed":[126],"fabricated":[128],"insulating":[131],"polymer":[132],"layer,":[133],"two":[134],"conductive":[135],"layers":[136],"incorporating":[137],"silver":[138],"nanoparticles":[139],"anodic/cathodic":[141],"enzymes,":[142],"layer":[146],"containing":[147],"nanoparticles.":[149],"fast":[151],"self-propulsion":[152],"continuously":[154],"rotating":[155],"30$\\mu$m":[156],"prototypes":[157],"glucose":[163],"solution":[164],"demonstrated":[166],"expected":[168],"theoretically.":[169],"This":[170],"concept":[171],"has":[172],"be":[176],"used":[177],"microrobots":[179],"future":[181],"pulling":[187],"mechanism":[188],"assist":[190],"guidewire":[192],"insertion":[193],"or":[194],"agents":[195],"delivering":[196],"drugs.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
