{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4287854479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3193632","title":"Sole GNSS Sensor Extrinsic Calibration Methods for Mobile Mapping Systems","display_name":"Sole GNSS Sensor Extrinsic Calibration Methods for Mobile Mapping Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4287854479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3193632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3193632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3193632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053988508","display_name":"Sheng Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2709-4863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2709-4863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644664","display_name":"Wenzhong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-7027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-7027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043575088","display_name":"Pengxin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-4530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengxin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-4530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057949991","display_name":"Haodong Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1160-9466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haodong Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1160-9466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto Poon C. F. Smart Cities Research Institute, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94714884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"11338","last_page":"11345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9424275159835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.7134222388267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6939308643341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.5239289402961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.49647194147109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-mapping","display_name":"Mobile mapping","score":0.4603860378265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4533478915691376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44723206758499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.44396013021469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.43087077140808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.40808647871017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4024909734725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3362657129764557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1632031500339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.12108778953552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0938614010810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08309394121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.055880218744277954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9424275159835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7134222388267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6939308643341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.5239289402961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.49647194147109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776821279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2293902","display_name":"Mobile mapping","level":3,"score":0.4603860378265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4533478915691376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44723206758499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.44396013021469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.43087077140808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.40808647871017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4024909734725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3362657129764557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1632031500339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.12108778953552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0938614010810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08309394121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.055880218744277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3193632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3193632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3479729433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1-ZVN6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984732971","https://openalex.org/W2040975718","https://openalex.org/W2103342786","https://openalex.org/W2128019145","https://openalex.org/W2286267957","https://openalex.org/W2560019560","https://openalex.org/W2592337110","https://openalex.org/W2755280892","https://openalex.org/W2795059173","https://openalex.org/W2798379399","https://openalex.org/W2885041901","https://openalex.org/W2899064754","https://openalex.org/W2942533109","https://openalex.org/W2947682580","https://openalex.org/W2969991623","https://openalex.org/W2996003106","https://openalex.org/W2999751264","https://openalex.org/W2999936106","https://openalex.org/W3037233730","https://openalex.org/W3086305595","https://openalex.org/W3146983589","https://openalex.org/W3153976248","https://openalex.org/W3183685035","https://openalex.org/W3190891462","https://openalex.org/W3191851079","https://openalex.org/W4229020821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917833516","https://openalex.org/W2090781705","https://openalex.org/W2525440477","https://openalex.org/W2364356564","https://openalex.org/W2945433205","https://openalex.org/W1415688671","https://openalex.org/W2131291875","https://openalex.org/W3104880495","https://openalex.org/W2963814634","https://openalex.org/W110319562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,54],"mobile":[1],"mapping":[2],"system":[3,28,78],"(MMS)":[4],"is":[5,58,66,122,131,153,164],"a":[6,62,123,132],"widely-used":[7],"moving":[8],"platform":[9],"for":[10,83,100],"the":[11,44,67,84,89,104,129,141,147,150,158,161],"acquisition":[12],"of":[13,40,75,95,149,160],"rich":[14],"geospatial":[15],"information":[16],"and":[17,31,34,43,103,128,157],"requires":[18,91],"sensor":[19,30,57,87,117],"calibration":[20,46,73,119],"to":[21],"guarantee":[22],"data":[23],"quality.":[24],"Global":[25],"navigation":[26,77],"satellite":[27],"(GNSS)":[29],"light":[32],"detection":[33],"ranging":[35],"(LiDAR)":[36],"are":[37,80],"important":[38],"parts":[39],"an":[41],"MMS,":[42,64],"extrinsic":[45,72,118],"between":[47],"them":[48],"can":[49,106],"markedly":[50],"improve":[51],"its":[52],"performance.":[53],"sole":[55,85,115],"GNSS":[56,86,116],"generally":[59],"used":[60],"in":[61],"portable":[63],"which":[65],"current":[68],"trend.":[69],"However,":[70],"existing":[71],"methods":[74,143],"GNSS/inertial":[76],"(INS)":[79],"not":[81],"applicable":[82],"because":[88],"former":[90],"relative":[92],"six":[93],"degrees":[94],"freedom":[96],"(DoF)":[97],"pose":[98],"output":[99],"both":[101],"sensors":[102],"latter":[105],"only":[107],"provide":[108],"3-DoF":[109],"positions.":[110],"Here,":[111],"we":[112],"propose":[113],"two":[114,142],"methods:":[120],"one":[121],"target-based":[124,151],"direct":[125],"calculation":[126],"method":[127,152,163],"other":[130],"non-target-based":[133,162],"automatic":[134],"iterative":[135],"method.":[136],"The":[137],"experiment":[138],"results":[139],"show":[140],"have":[144],"good":[145],"repeatability,":[146],"error":[148,159],"below":[154,165],"3":[155],"cm,":[156],"2":[166],"cm.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}