{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285244399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3188439","title":"Active and Passive Back-Support Exoskeletons: A Comparison in Static and Dynamic Tasks","display_name":"Active and Passive Back-Support Exoskeletons: A Comparison in Static and Dynamic Tasks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285244399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3188439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3188439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3188439","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7083369/9750005/09815136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7083369/9750005/09815136.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035486605","display_name":"Tommaso Poliero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-8983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Poliero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044703708","display_name":"Vasco Fanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6837-7563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasco Fanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071852241","display_name":"Matteo Sposito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Sposito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044243940","display_name":"Darwin G. Caldwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-9961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darwin G. Caldwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021056928","display_name":"Christian Di Natali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-7399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Di Natali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035486605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4955,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95744296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"8463","last_page":"8470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8503308296203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5617494583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49898386001586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4216478765010834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2466430366039276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.2352307140827179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8503308296203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5617494583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49898386001586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4216478765010834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2466430366039276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2352307140827179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3188439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3188439","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7083369/9750005/09815136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3188439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3188439","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7083369/9750005/09815136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5027476417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101015418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7931553538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Shift2Rail","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G882205333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101015418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285244399.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285244399.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24231036","https://openalex.org/W2056589904","https://openalex.org/W2121544865","https://openalex.org/W2801932927","https://openalex.org/W2806878694","https://openalex.org/W2953758872","https://openalex.org/W2964474109","https://openalex.org/W2969181414","https://openalex.org/W3000724056","https://openalex.org/W3022315434","https://openalex.org/W3035656762","https://openalex.org/W3107119331","https://openalex.org/W3116409808","https://openalex.org/W3121612002","https://openalex.org/W3133952669","https://openalex.org/W3162229654","https://openalex.org/W3186436129","https://openalex.org/W3198963453","https://openalex.org/W3204912127","https://openalex.org/W3210764691","https://openalex.org/W6600999062","https://openalex.org/W6906342110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2901258812","https://openalex.org/W2887985348","https://openalex.org/W2401700601","https://openalex.org/W2570835373","https://openalex.org/W2557545276","https://openalex.org/W4387054232","https://openalex.org/W3198063775","https://openalex.org/W2753647732","https://openalex.org/W4303574780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"on":[1,6],"back-support":[2,68],"exoskeletons":[3,18,109],"focus":[4],"mostly":[5],"the":[7,52,55,60,115,130,146,149,157,164,167,170,176,196],"evaluation":[8],"of":[9,54],"single":[10],"devices.":[11],"Also,":[12],"these":[13,77],"studies":[14],"suggest":[15],"that":[16,107,122],"passive":[17,72,177],"might":[19],"be":[20],"preferred":[21],"when":[22],"performing":[23],"static":[24,102,165],"tasks,":[25],"whereas":[26],"active":[27,67],"ones,":[28],"could":[29],"show":[30,106,142],"their":[31,80,201],"advantage":[32],"in":[33,47,145,163,169,186],"dynamic":[34,99,147],"tasks.":[35],"To":[36],"verify":[37],"this":[38,48,187],"hypothesis":[39],"and":[40,59,70,89,100],"provide":[41],"a":[42,71,98,101,120,173],"comparison":[43],"between":[44],"different":[45],"devices,":[46],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"analyse":[51,76],"performance":[53],"<italic":[56,61,116,131,150,158,179],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[57,62,117,132,151,159,180],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">XoTrunk</i>":[58,118,152],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Laevo":[63],"v2.56</i>":[64],",":[65],"an":[66],"exoskeleton":[69,191],"one,":[73],"respectively.":[74],"We":[75],"devices":[78],"highlighting":[79],"ability":[81],"to":[82,193,199],"reduce":[83,110],"back":[84],"muscle":[85],"activation,":[86],"perceived":[87],"discomfort":[88],"usability.":[90],"The":[91,104,139,183],"study":[92,171],"was":[93,123],"carried":[94],"out":[95],"by":[96],"simulating":[97],"task.":[103],"results":[105,140,184],"both":[108],"back-muscle":[111],"activation":[112],"levels,":[113],"although":[114],"provides":[119],"reduction":[121],"more":[124],"than":[125,156],"twice":[126],"as":[127,129],"large":[128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Laevo</i>":[133,160,181],"(e.g.,":[134],"41%":[135],"vs":[136],"16%,":[137],"respectively).":[138],"also":[141],"that,":[143],"overall,":[144],"condition,":[148],"has":[153],"better":[154],"scores":[155],".":[161,182],"Conversely,":[162],"task,":[166],"participants":[168],"had":[172],"preference":[174],"for":[175],"device,":[178],"presented":[185],"work":[188],"can":[189],"help":[190],"end-users":[192],"properly":[194],"select":[195],"best":[197],"device":[198],"fit":[200],"needs.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
