{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285187007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3186769","title":"A Domain-Adapted Machine Learning Approach for Visual Evaluation and Interpretation of Robot-Assisted Surgery Skills","display_name":"A Domain-Adapted Machine Learning Approach for Visual Evaluation and Interpretation of Robot-Assisted Surgery Skills","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285187007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3186769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3186769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3186769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038886394","display_name":"Abed Soleymani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abed Soleymani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328581","display_name":"Xingyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3494-2552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018636421","display_name":"Mahdi Tavakoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-6961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Tavakoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038886394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93101218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"8202","last_page":"8208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5961925387382507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5399048924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5242241621017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.47874778509140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46252474188804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43802210688591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothness","display_name":"Smoothness","score":0.4232601523399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3374425172805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26073989272117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.13478350639343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1080489456653595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5961925387382507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5399048924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5242241621017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.47874778509140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46252474188804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43802210688591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102634674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868473","display_name":"Smoothness","level":2,"score":0.4232601523399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3374425172805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26073989272117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.13478350639343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1080489456653595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3186769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3186769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314105","display_name":"Government of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/006b2g567"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319952","display_name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/000az4664"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2023276160","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2054886445","https://openalex.org/W2072503051","https://openalex.org/W2083088729","https://openalex.org/W2109498513","https://openalex.org/W2116171479","https://openalex.org/W2153934661","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2222269984","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2295124130","https://openalex.org/W2524504656","https://openalex.org/W2535336216","https://openalex.org/W2568518337","https://openalex.org/W2729979096","https://openalex.org/W2790526632","https://openalex.org/W2805695370","https://openalex.org/W2892486399","https://openalex.org/W2913159621","https://openalex.org/W2945292029","https://openalex.org/W2951058133","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2963867213","https://openalex.org/W2964446959","https://openalex.org/W3006087551","https://openalex.org/W3103878770","https://openalex.org/W3105393320","https://openalex.org/W4200232909","https://openalex.org/W4205801416","https://openalex.org/W4226129045","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4254491045","https://openalex.org/W6683047094","https://openalex.org/W6733814495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W2393022482","https://openalex.org/W2377346130","https://openalex.org/W2361092061","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W1595229445","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"an":[5,32],"intuitive":[6,73],"machine":[7],"learning-based":[8],"approach":[9,35,62,121],"to":[10,64],"evaluate":[11],"and":[12,39,46,74,79,129,145,173,184],"interpret":[13],"surgical":[14,182],"skills":[15],"level":[16],"of":[17,48,60,81,91,97],"a":[18,55],"participant":[19,160],"working":[20],"with":[21],"robotic":[22],"platforms.":[23],"The":[24],"proposed":[25,93],"method":[26,94],"is":[27,71],"domain-adapted,":[28],"i.e.,":[29],"jointly":[30],"utilizes":[31],"end-to-end":[33],"learning":[34,69,178],"for":[36,50,77,134,171],"smoothness":[37],"detection":[38],"domain":[40],"knowledge-based":[41],"metrics":[42],"such":[43,176],"as":[44,102,104,151,177],"fluidity":[45],"economy":[47],"motion":[49],"extracting":[51],"skills-related":[52,82],"features":[53,83],"within":[54,84,141],"given":[56],"trajectory.":[57],"An":[58],"advantage":[59],"our":[61,92,105],"compared":[63],"similar":[65],"stochastic":[66],"or":[67,148,159],"deep":[68],"models":[70],"its":[72],"transparent":[75],"manner":[76],"extraction":[78],"visualization":[80],"the":[85,89,98,142,165],"data.":[86],"We":[87],"illustrate":[88],"performance":[90],"on":[95],"trials":[96,136,150],"JIGSAWS":[99],"data":[100,108],"set":[101],"well":[103],"own":[106],"experimental":[107],"gathered":[109],"from":[110,155],"Phantom":[111],"Premium":[112],"<inline-formula":[113,123],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[114,124],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[115,125],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{1.5}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[116],"A":[117],"Haptic":[118],"Device.":[119],"This":[120,162],"utilized":[122],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{t}\\text{-}{\\mathbf":[126],"{SNE}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[127],"technique":[128],"provides":[130],"visualized":[131],"low-dimensional":[132],"representation":[133],"different":[135],"that":[137],"highlights":[138],"nuanced":[139],"information":[140,163],"executive":[143],"task":[144],"returns":[146],"unusual":[147],"faulty":[149],"outliers":[152],"far":[153],"away":[154],"their":[156],"normal":[157],"skill":[158],"clusters.":[161],"regarding":[164],"input":[166],"trajectory":[167],"can":[168],"be":[169],"used":[170],"evaluation":[172],"education":[174],"applications":[175],"curve":[179],"analysis":[180],"in":[181],"assessment":[183],"training":[185],"programs.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
