{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285176459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3180414","title":"Predicting Visual Differentiability for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Gestures","display_name":"Predicting Visual Differentiability for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Gestures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285176459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3180414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3180414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3180414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010665785","display_name":"P. Thomas Fletcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-2553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Fletcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIMBUS Lab in the School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-2553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIMBUS Lab in the School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018911379","display_name":"Angeline Luther","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-9980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angeline Luther","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIMBUS Lab in the School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-9980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIMBUS Lab in the School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001694587","display_name":"Carrick Detweiler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-4009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carrick Detweiler","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIMBUS Lab in the School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIMBUS Lab in the School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001009663","display_name":"Brittany A. Duncan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-8273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brittany Duncan","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIMBUS Lab in the School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-8273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIMBUS Lab in the School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50728463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"11799","last_page":"11806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7588340044021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.5771067142486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5317608118057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5069820880889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49735215306282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15807050466537476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7588340044021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.5771067142486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5317608118057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5069820880889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49735215306282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15807050466537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3180414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3180414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547357701","https://openalex.org/W1597504361","https://openalex.org/W1998991343","https://openalex.org/W2022948905","https://openalex.org/W2024733768","https://openalex.org/W2045085946","https://openalex.org/W2079363745","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2110203016","https://openalex.org/W2118371392","https://openalex.org/W2132615965","https://openalex.org/W2132891289","https://openalex.org/W2139711497","https://openalex.org/W2156095350","https://openalex.org/W2159498975","https://openalex.org/W2611366544","https://openalex.org/W2616222580","https://openalex.org/W2734338196","https://openalex.org/W2765423680","https://openalex.org/W2775200517","https://openalex.org/W2775631770","https://openalex.org/W2786929642","https://openalex.org/W2883329855","https://openalex.org/W2891400704","https://openalex.org/W2891671902","https://openalex.org/W2935006187","https://openalex.org/W2962582579","https://openalex.org/W3005705241","https://openalex.org/W3007261110","https://openalex.org/W3207449134","https://openalex.org/W4248056173","https://openalex.org/W4251170678","https://openalex.org/W6631860094","https://openalex.org/W6643778072","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6737380964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"Aerial":[1],"Vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"are":[4,110,211],"increasingly":[5],"integrated":[6,56],"into":[7],"diverse":[8],"human":[9],"interaction":[10],"domains":[11],"that":[12,69,108,181,210],"require":[13,71],"robust":[14],"human-robot":[15],"communication":[16,19,96,103],"systems.":[17],"Visual":[18],"techniques":[20,167],"have":[21],"shown":[22],"promise":[23],"in":[24,45,62,85,170],"their":[25],"ability":[26,116,141],"to":[27,31,64,77,112,117,142,168,187,206],"communicate":[28],"concrete":[29],"information":[30],"observers.":[32],"Such":[33],"techniques,":[34],"often":[35,70],"described":[36],"as":[37,52,57,128],"a":[38,58,78,101,123,135,147,176,193],"UAV":[39,177],"\u2018gesture,\u2019":[40],"may":[41,81,137,174],"be":[42,55,83],"especially":[43],"useful":[44,84],"the":[46,92,120,144,155],"domain":[47],"of":[48,94,122,146],"unmanned":[49],"aerial":[50],"flight":[51],"they":[53],"can":[54],"stand-alone":[59],"software":[60],"solution":[61],"contrast":[63],"light":[65],"or":[66],"sound-based":[67,95],"systems":[68],"additional":[72],"hardware":[73],"and":[74,165,191],"add":[75],"weight":[76],"vehicle.":[79],"Gestures":[80],"also":[82,163],"contexts":[86],"where":[87],"long":[88],"distance":[89,189],"operation":[90],"reduces":[91],"effectiveness":[93],"strategies.":[97],"As":[98],"gesture":[99,159,183,198,204,208],"is":[100,106],"visual":[102,130],"technique,":[104],"it":[105],"critical":[107],"gestures":[109,133],"designed":[111],"optimize":[113],"an":[114,139],"observer\u2019s":[115,140],"visually":[118],"perceive":[119,175],"shape":[121,145],"gesture\u2019s":[124],"motion.":[125,149],"Factors":[126],"such":[127],"low":[129],"differentiability":[131],"between":[132],"within":[134],"set":[136],"reduce":[138],"classify":[143],"gestural":[148],"In":[150],"this":[151],"letter,":[152],"we":[153],"discuss":[154],"results":[156],"from":[157],"multiple":[158],"perception":[160],"surveys.":[161],"We":[162,179],"develop":[164],"evaluate":[166],"predict,":[169],"advance,":[171],"how":[172],"participants":[173],"gesture.":[178],"demonstrate":[180],"participant":[182],"classification":[184],"accuracy":[185],"correlates":[186],"trajectory":[188],"measures":[190],"present":[192],"method":[194],"for":[195],"evaluating":[196],"high-differentiabilty":[197],"sets.":[199],"This":[200],"letter":[201],"will":[202],"enable":[203],"designers":[205],"create":[207],"sets":[209],"differentiable":[212],"with":[213],"high-confidence.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}