{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209849585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3160611","title":"Soft Lattice Modules That Behave Independently and Collectively","display_name":"Soft Lattice Modules That Behave Independently and Collectively","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209849585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3160611","mag":"3209849585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3160611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3160611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019649400","display_name":"Luyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-8289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-8289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076851862","display_name":"Yijia Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4379-9863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijia Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029867674","display_name":"Julien Blanchet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2584-9591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Blanchet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012309227","display_name":"Maxine Perroni-Scharf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-5745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxine Perroni-Scharf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-5745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000690549","display_name":"Xiaonan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-1551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091321959","display_name":"Joran Booth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-3416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joran Booth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-3416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010640110","display_name":"Rebecca Kramer\u2010Bottiglio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-8124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-8124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001178194","display_name":"Devin Balkcom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-5650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devin Balkcom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5478,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79707653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"5942","last_page":"5949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice","display_name":"Lattice (music)","score":0.4977097809314728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.3574564754962921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34370842576026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25832250714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.0637509822845459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781204021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091","display_name":"Lattice (music)","level":2,"score":0.4977097809314728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.3574564754962921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34370842576026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25832250714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0637509822845459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3160611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3160611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146395947","https://openalex.org/W1590980019","https://openalex.org/W1841642927","https://openalex.org/W1893135903","https://openalex.org/W1976587447","https://openalex.org/W1980392184","https://openalex.org/W1982636603","https://openalex.org/W1986717340","https://openalex.org/W1991413570","https://openalex.org/W2056856414","https://openalex.org/W2139841931","https://openalex.org/W2149841830","https://openalex.org/W2156781843","https://openalex.org/W2159341149","https://openalex.org/W2160096432","https://openalex.org/W2160203512","https://openalex.org/W2163343955","https://openalex.org/W2294626023","https://openalex.org/W2564145065","https://openalex.org/W2567273230","https://openalex.org/W2576246534","https://openalex.org/W2604400459","https://openalex.org/W2743718556","https://openalex.org/W2782291184","https://openalex.org/W2788608293","https://openalex.org/W2890388788","https://openalex.org/W2912401671","https://openalex.org/W2940676844","https://openalex.org/W2963148304","https://openalex.org/W2963491608","https://openalex.org/W2971672377","https://openalex.org/W3003358174","https://openalex.org/W3010844811","https://openalex.org/W3020770531","https://openalex.org/W3048349632","https://openalex.org/W3081214735","https://openalex.org/W3106185616","https://openalex.org/W3109937722","https://openalex.org/W3166946288","https://openalex.org/W3185805891","https://openalex.org/W4240919341","https://openalex.org/W6728865171","https://openalex.org/W6796246017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"systems":[1,132],"integrate":[2],"the":[3,20,37,53,117,120],"work":[4,124],"of":[5,22,65,91,119,134],"many":[6],"sub-units":[7,54],"(cells)":[8],"toward":[9,129],"a":[10,126,141],"large-scale":[11],"unified":[12],"goal":[13],"(morphological":[14],"and":[15,43,77,94,112,136,139],"behavioral),":[16],"which":[17],"can":[18,95],"counteract":[19],"effects":[21],"unexpected":[23],"experiences,":[24],"damage,":[25],"or":[26],"simply":[27],"changes":[28],"in":[29,56],"tasks":[30,107],"demands.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"letter,":[34],"we":[35],"exploit":[36],"opportunities":[38],"presented":[39],"by":[40],"soft,":[41],"modular,":[42],"tensegrity":[44],"robots":[45],"to":[46,101],"introduce":[47],"soft":[48,60,86,130],"lattice":[49,61,87,121],"modules":[50,62,88,100],"that":[51,80],"parallel":[52],"seen":[55],"biological":[57],"systems.":[58],"The":[59,85],"are":[63,89],"comprised":[64],"3D":[66],"printed":[67],"plastic":[68],"\u201cskeletons,\u201d":[69],"linear":[70],"contracting":[71],"shape":[72],"memory":[73],"alloy":[74],"spring":[75],"actuators,":[76],"permanent":[78],"magnets":[79],"enable":[81],"adhesion":[82],"between":[83],"modules.":[84],"capable":[90,133],"independent":[92,135],"locomotion,":[93],"also":[96],"join":[97],"with":[98],"other":[99],"achieve":[102],"collective,":[103],"self-assembled,":[104],"larger":[105],"scale":[106],"such":[108],"as":[109],"collective":[110,137],"locomotion":[111],"moving":[113],"an":[114],"object":[115],"across":[116],"surface":[118],"assembly.":[122],"This":[123],"represents":[125],"preliminary":[127],"step":[128],"modular":[131],"behaviors,":[138],"provide":[140],"platform":[142],"for":[143],"future":[144],"studies":[145],"on":[146],"distributed":[147],"control.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}