{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210932676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3149039","title":"Design and Characterisation of a Muscle-Mimetic Dielectrophoretic Ratcheting Actuator","display_name":"Design and Characterisation of a Muscle-Mimetic Dielectrophoretic Ratcheting Actuator","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210932676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3149039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3149039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3149039","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7083369/9647862/09706344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7083369/9647862/09706344.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032442283","display_name":"Martin Garrad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-4554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161128","display_name":"Bristol Robotics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/056sbyc67","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Garrad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-4554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091833216","display_name":"Mohammad Naghavi Zadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-8465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161128","display_name":"Bristol Robotics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/056sbyc67","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Naghavi Zadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054328638","display_name":"Christian Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-9712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161128","display_name":"Bristol Robotics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/056sbyc67","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-9712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090078952","display_name":"Fabrizio Scarpa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-4834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090377","display_name":"National Composites Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpwbx65","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090377"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Scarpa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4210090377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055756329","display_name":"Andrew T. Conn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-4200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161128","display_name":"Bristol Robotics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/056sbyc67","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew T. Conn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-4200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061139675","display_name":"Jonathan Rossiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9109-9987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161128","display_name":"Bristol Robotics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/056sbyc67","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Rossiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161128"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6348,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60752384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"3938","last_page":"3944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8158615827560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.6552106142044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-muscle","display_name":"Artificial muscle","score":0.6458734273910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.619375467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5703965425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5114709138870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49359405040740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4764059782028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ratchet","display_name":"Ratchet","score":0.4169890880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.39449048042297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3567904233932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3059358298778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2951485812664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.24976053833961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19684472680091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1302526593208313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8158615827560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.6552106142044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196628372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801090","display_name":"Artificial muscle","level":3,"score":0.6458734273910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.619375467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5703965425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5114709138870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49359405040740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4764059782028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777694918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11171014","display_name":"Ratchet","level":3,"score":0.4169890880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.39449048042297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3567904233932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3059358298778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2951485812664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.24976053833961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19684472680091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1302526593208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3149039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3149039","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7083369/9647862/09706344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/9c31d9da-5bd3-4a04-844c-4863fb17dbed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/9c31d9da-5bd3-4a04-844c-4863fb17dbed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Garrad, M S, Naghavi Zadeh, M, Romero, C P, Scarpa, F, Conn, A T & Rossiter, J M 2022, 'Design and Characterisation of a Muscle-mimetic Dielectrophoretic Ratcheting Actuator', IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 3938-3944. https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2022.3149039","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/9c31d9da-5bd3-4a04-844c-4863fb17dbed","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/9c31d9da-5bd3-4a04-844c-4863fb17dbed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/9c31d9da-5bd3-4a04-844c-4863fb17dbed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3149039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3149039","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7083369/9647862/09706344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G237632024","display_name":"UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Node in Functionality","funder_award_id":"EP/V026518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2626611018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S026096/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3484933049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R032793","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4055130684","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R032793/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4854659539","display_name":"emPOWER: in-body artificial muscles for physical augmentation, function restoration, patient empowerment and future healthcare","funder_award_id":"EP/T020792/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5410776954","display_name":"SYstems Science-based design and manufacturing of DYnamic MATerials and Structures (SYSDYMATS)","funder_award_id":"EP/R032793/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G57068325","display_name":"FREEHAB: accessible, comfortable and adaptable wearable rehabilitation and assist devices","funder_award_id":"EP/S026096/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6264195128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R02961X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8024893983","display_name":"SoRo for Health: Implantable soft robotics for restoration of physiological function","funder_award_id":"EP/R02961X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8239521115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S026096/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8384139482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T020792/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320360","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210932676.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210932676.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W211888945","https://openalex.org/W1515749184","https://openalex.org/W1962898515","https://openalex.org/W1967670767","https://openalex.org/W2019212799","https://openalex.org/W2070662831","https://openalex.org/W2079574144","https://openalex.org/W2091670031","https://openalex.org/W2101584991","https://openalex.org/W2167689042","https://openalex.org/W2755921665","https://openalex.org/W2775854755","https://openalex.org/W2781516556","https://openalex.org/W2803735436","https://openalex.org/W2904532819","https://openalex.org/W2904979905","https://openalex.org/W2911173768","https://openalex.org/W2947301828","https://openalex.org/W2947526182","https://openalex.org/W2960605581","https://openalex.org/W2967066431","https://openalex.org/W2994951283","https://openalex.org/W2997361094","https://openalex.org/W3083486657","https://openalex.org/W3113399277","https://openalex.org/W3123673019","https://openalex.org/W3130943020","https://openalex.org/W6608631664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061848878","https://openalex.org/W2911666782","https://openalex.org/W2104362930","https://openalex.org/W1631138302","https://openalex.org/W3094235490","https://openalex.org/W3198778559","https://openalex.org/W2158060137","https://openalex.org/W3178844618","https://openalex.org/W2255905369","https://openalex.org/W2042019706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"high":[1],"potential":[2],"impact":[3],"of":[4,12,45,121,126,139,147,190],"soft":[5,27,177,191],"robotics":[6],"is":[7,54],"hampered":[8],"by":[9,34],"a":[10,46,84,92,127,165,174],"lack":[11],"actuators":[13,28,178],"that":[14,98,132,179],"combine":[15],"high-force,":[16],"high-work":[17,183],"and":[18,72,136,159,184,186],"high-power":[19,185],"capabilities,":[20],"limiting":[21],"application":[22,33],"in":[23,83,105],"real-world":[24],"problems.":[25],"Typically,":[26],"are":[29],"tuned":[30],"to":[31,76,103],"an":[32],"gearing":[35,53],"-":[36],"for":[37,41],"example,":[38],"trading":[39],"power":[40,73,137,160],"strain.":[42],"An":[43],"example":[44],"recently":[47],"developed":[48],"soft-actuator":[49],"which":[50],"exploits":[51],"such":[52],"the":[55,119,124,133,140,145,154,171,187],"dielectrophoretic":[56],"liquid":[57],"zipping":[58],"(DLZ)":[59],"actuator.":[60,86],"DLZs":[61],"can":[62,180],"produce":[63],"large":[64],"strains":[65],"(":[66],"<inline-formula":[67],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[68],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[69],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$&gt;\\!99\\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[70],")":[71],"densities":[74],"comparable":[75],"biological":[77],"muscles,":[78],"but":[79],"cannot":[80],"achieve":[81],"both":[82,182],"single":[85],"In":[87],"this":[88],"work,":[89,135],"we":[90,152,163],"introduce":[91],"muscle-mimetic":[93],"DLZ":[94,149,167],"ratcheting":[95],"actuator":[96],"(DLZ-R)":[97],"allows":[99],"multiple":[100],"DLZ-R":[101,141,172],"heads":[102],"operate":[104],"parallel,":[106],"thereby":[107],"increasing":[108],"force":[109],"output":[110,138],"without":[111],"sacrificing":[112],"stroke":[113],"or":[114],"power.":[115],"We":[116,169],"first":[117],"characterise":[118],"effect":[120],"geometry":[122],"on":[123],"performance":[125],"1-head":[128],"DLZ-R,":[129],"before":[130],"demonstrating":[131],"force,":[134],"scale":[142],"linearly":[143],"with":[144],"number":[146],"active":[148],"heads.":[150],"Next,":[151],"investigate":[153],"relationship":[155],"between":[156],"driving":[157],"frequency":[158],"output.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"demonstrate":[164],"12-head":[166],"ratchet.":[168],"believe":[170],"represents":[173],"step":[175],"towards":[176],"provide":[181],"widespread":[188],"use":[189],"technologies.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
