{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210596490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3144782","title":"Active-Type Continuously Variable Transmission System Based on a Twisted String Actuator","display_name":"Active-Type Continuously Variable Transmission System Based on a Twisted String Actuator","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210596490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3144782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3144782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3144782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102811600","display_name":"Jae\u2010Hyung Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-4688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JaeHyung Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRiS Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRiS Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034687095","display_name":"Young-Uk Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Uk Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRiS Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRiS Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019438521","display_name":"Jee-Hwan Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jee-Hwan Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRiS Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRiS Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102811600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68756093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"2605","last_page":"2612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11525","display_name":"Piezoelectric Actuators and Control","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7162870168685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.7110667824745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuously-variable-transmission","display_name":"Continuously variable transmission","score":0.6449458599090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.5576613545417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5390782356262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5051267743110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraction","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","score":0.49455663561820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.48513588309288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4671200215816498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-speed","display_name":"Rotational speed","score":0.4197278618812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3402460217475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.32655471563339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2880026698112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.1916111409664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.15937843918800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.08910113573074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.07670339941978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07347932457923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.0730491578578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0680554211139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.06646594405174255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7162870168685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7110667824745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193235527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863787","display_name":"Continuously variable transmission","level":3,"score":0.6449458599090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5576613545417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5390782356262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5051267743110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.49455663561820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.48513588309288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4671200215816498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81063470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256787","display_name":"Rotational speed","level":2,"score":0.4197278618812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3402460217475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32655471563339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2880026698112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1916111409664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.15937843918800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.08910113573074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.07670339941978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07347932457923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0730491578578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0680554211139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.06646594405174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2022.3144782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3144782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4160029351","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRCTR-EX20008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322057","funder_display_name":"National Rehabilitation Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5549820546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21-CM-GU-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","funder_display_name":"Agency for Defense Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322004","display_name":"Ministry of National Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfet039"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322033","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/009g8rq41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322034","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","ror":"https://ror.org/00vxgjw72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322057","display_name":"National Rehabilitation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04yt6jn66"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1838974152","https://openalex.org/W2060179185","https://openalex.org/W2203077240","https://openalex.org/W2570357259","https://openalex.org/W2572646513","https://openalex.org/W2594031419","https://openalex.org/W2765821184","https://openalex.org/W2783548128","https://openalex.org/W2947665220","https://openalex.org/W3041731142","https://openalex.org/W3090528082","https://openalex.org/W6637852915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164326006","https://openalex.org/W2123766446","https://openalex.org/W2069603876","https://openalex.org/W2134051550","https://openalex.org/W2883687623","https://openalex.org/W2991197384","https://openalex.org/W2585036669","https://openalex.org/W4317796236","https://openalex.org/W3044049986","https://openalex.org/W1918580842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,99],"letter":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,166],"active-type":[4],"twisted":[5],"string":[6],"actuator":[7],"(TSA)-based":[8],"continuously":[9,151],"variable":[10,51],"transmission":[11,30],"(CVT).":[12],"The":[13,79],"proposed":[14,58,146],"mechanism":[15],"improves":[16],"the":[17,20,34,40,55,57,61,82,90,102,118,123,128,141,145,153,157,169,173],"advantage":[18],"of":[19,24,39,63,76,81,130,156,172],"intrinsic":[21],"CVT":[22,59,85,147],"nature":[23],"TSA":[25,174],"by":[26],"compensating":[27],"its":[28],"nonlinear":[29],"ratio":[31,62,104,121,129],"(TR)":[32],"with":[33,89,95],"active":[35,84],"and":[36,68,93,107,125,134,150],"continuous":[37],"conversion":[38],"TR":[41,154],"during":[42,161],"contraction":[43,179],"at":[44],"a":[45,96,113,177],"constant":[46],"load":[47],"as":[48,50],"well":[49],"load.":[52],"To":[53],"change":[54,152],"TR,":[56],"adjusts":[60],"rotation":[64,103,131],"between":[65,105,122,132],"individual":[66,106,133],"twists":[67,109,136],"overlap":[69,108,135],"twists,":[70],"which":[71],"are":[72],"two":[73],"different":[74],"types":[75],"string-twisting":[77],"patterns.":[78],"performance":[80],"TSA-based":[83,143],"was":[86],"experimentally":[87],"assessed":[88],"fabricated":[91],"prototype":[92],"compared":[94],"mathematical":[97],"model.":[98],"adjustment":[100],"in":[101,168],"is":[110],"realized":[111],"using":[112],"planetary":[114],"gear.":[115],"By":[116],"adjusting":[117],"rotating":[119],"speed":[120],"sun":[124],"ring":[126],"gear,":[127],"can":[137,148],"be":[138],"adjusted.":[139],"Unlike":[140],"conventional":[142],"CVT,":[144],"actively":[149],"independent":[155],"external":[158],"load,":[159],"even":[160],"operation.":[162],"Consequently,":[163],"it":[164],"allows":[165],"increase":[167],"operating":[170],"range":[171],"while":[175],"maintaining":[176],"high":[178],"speed.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}