{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133690433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3062606","title":"Semantic Mapping of Construction Site From Multiple Daily Airborne LiDAR Data","display_name":"Semantic Mapping of Construction Site From Multiple Daily Airborne LiDAR Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133690433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3062606","mag":"3133690433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2021.3062606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3062606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065513440","display_name":"Thomas Westfechtel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3665-5725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Westfechtel","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055778007","display_name":"Kazunori Ohno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3958-2901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazunori Ohno","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053570589","display_name":"Tetsu Akegawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-5234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsu Akegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102863632","display_name":"Kento Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-6154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kento Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041280287","display_name":"Ranulfo Bezerra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-5724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranulfo Plutarco Bezerra Neto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101506282","display_name":"Shotaro Kojima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-1764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shotaro Kojima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044048985","display_name":"Taro Suzuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9722-9415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","display_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qwnam72","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taro Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chiba Institute of Technologies, Chiba, Japan","New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chiba Institute of Technologies, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112552296","display_name":"Tomohiro Komatsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088742","display_name":"Kowa (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/009z2z347","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088742"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomohiro Komatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kowa Tech. Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kowa Tech. Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088811574","display_name":"Yukinori Shibata","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukinori Shibata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satoh Construction Co. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satoh Construction Co. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105892074","display_name":"Kimitaka Asano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3412056","display_name":"Sanyo (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrs2f16","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3412056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimitaka Asano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sanyo Tech. Co. Ltd., Sendaishi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sanyo Tech. Co. Ltd., Sendaishi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3412056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078134781","display_name":"Keji Nagatani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keji Nagatani","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025462434","display_name":"Naoto Miyamoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoto Miyamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088432056","display_name":"Takahiro Suzuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6179-0614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","display_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qwnam72","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chiba Institute of Technologies, Chiba, Japan","New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chiba Institute of Technologies, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042711470","display_name":"Tatsuya Harada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3712-3691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Harada","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014118063","display_name":"Satosh\u0131 Tadokoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-4276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","display_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qwnam72","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Tadokoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chiba Institute of Technologies, Chiba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chiba Institute of Technologies, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065513440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73285345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"3073","last_page":"3080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6905678510665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6786760091781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.6665948629379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5484682321548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.542790412902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48746228218078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-data-model","display_name":"Semantic data model","score":0.48079007863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-mapping","display_name":"Semantic mapping","score":0.46961408853530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.43373528122901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4283270537853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4247780442237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3943811357021332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37752610445022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1845531463623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1704443395137787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12340480089187622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6905678510665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6786760091781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.6665948629379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5484682321548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.542790412902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48746228218078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90312973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449052","display_name":"Semantic data model","level":2,"score":0.48079007863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775955345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449071","display_name":"Semantic mapping","level":2,"score":0.46961408853530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43373528122901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4283270537853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4247780442237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3943811357021332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37752610445022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1845531463623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1704443395137787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12340480089187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2021.3062606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3062606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5224828045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18065741","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321680","funder_display_name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321680","display_name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/0055k7a87"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1644641054","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1920022804","https://openalex.org/W1973585562","https://openalex.org/W1986473362","https://openalex.org/W2149933564","https://openalex.org/W2211722331","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2562779487","https://openalex.org/W2614543743","https://openalex.org/W2766690012","https://openalex.org/W2808798475","https://openalex.org/W2954374674","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2963357556","https://openalex.org/W2963632154","https://openalex.org/W2964257316","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W3003478690","https://openalex.org/W3039448353","https://openalex.org/W4299518610","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640300118","https://openalex.org/W6682132143","https://openalex.org/W6739778489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3026491381","https://openalex.org/W1127511593","https://openalex.org/W2241335588","https://openalex.org/W2779831736","https://openalex.org/W3204516429","https://openalex.org/W2120292386","https://openalex.org/W3207742436","https://openalex.org/W3176428617","https://openalex.org/W2359680515","https://openalex.org/W2626775345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"maps":[1],"are":[2],"an":[3,77,149,173],"important":[4],"tool":[5],"to":[6,17,20,57,118,196,216],"provide":[7],"robots":[8],"with":[9,23,83],"high-level":[10],"knowledge":[11],"about":[12],"the":[13,32,47,93,112,120,123,133,161,190,210,221],"environment,":[14],"enabling":[15],"them":[16,97],"better":[18],"react":[19],"and":[21,95,126,170,172,205],"interact":[22],"their":[24],"surroundings.":[25],"However,":[26],"as":[27],"a":[28,36,39,55,59,63,84,100,104,128,179,184,198,202],"single":[29,124],"measurement":[30],"of":[31,38,62,115,122,132,156,176],"environment":[33],"is":[34,74,165],"solely":[35],"snapshot":[37],"specific":[40],"time,":[41],"it":[42],"does":[43],"not":[44],"necessarily":[45],"reflect":[46],"underlying":[48],"semantics.":[49],"In":[50,183],"this":[51],"work,":[52],"we":[53,110,187],"propose":[54],"method":[56],"create":[58,127],"semantic":[60,130,191,211],"map":[61,131,192,212],"construction":[64,72,139,222],"site":[65,73],"by":[66,76],"fusing":[67],"multiple":[68],"daily":[69],"data.":[70],"The":[71,144],"measured":[75,137],"unmanned":[78],"aerial":[79],"vehicle":[80],"(UAV)":[81],"equipped":[82],"LiDAR.":[85],"We":[86,136],"extract":[87],"clusters":[88],"above":[89],"ground":[90],"level":[91],"from":[92],"measurements":[94,117,125],"classify":[96],"using":[98],"either":[99],"random":[101],"forest":[102],"or":[103],"deep":[105],"learning":[106],"based":[107],"classifier.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"combine":[111],"classification":[113,121,145,159],"results":[114],"several":[116],"generalize":[119],"general":[129],"working":[134],"site.":[135,223],"two":[138],"fields":[140],"for":[141,167,201],"our":[142],"evaluation.":[143],"models":[146],"can":[147,193,213],"achieve":[148],"average":[150],"intersection":[151],"over":[152],"union":[153],"(IoU)":[154],"score":[155,175],"69.2%":[157],"during":[158],"on":[160,178],"Sanbongi":[162],"field,":[163],"which":[164],"used":[166],"training,":[168],"validation":[169],"testing":[171,181],"IoU":[174],"49.16%":[177],"hold-out":[180],"field.":[182],"final":[185],"step,":[186],"show":[188,208],"how":[189],"be":[194,214],"employed":[195],"suggest":[197],"parking":[199],"spot":[200],"dump":[203],"truck,":[204],"in":[206],"addition,":[207],"that":[209],"utilized":[215],"improve":[217],"path":[218],"planning":[219],"inside":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}