{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120474118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.3048667","title":"A Two-Stage Unsupervised Approach for Low Light Image Enhancement","display_name":"A Two-Stage Unsupervised Approach for Low Light Image Enhancement","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120474118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.3048667","mag":"3120474118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2020.3048667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.3048667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085263462","display_name":"Junjie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-4361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-4361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069747727","display_name":"Xiyue Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5051-4040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyue Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5051-4040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100426704","display_name":"Junfeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0617-5031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0617-5031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034715667","display_name":"Guanqi Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-8353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanqi Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-8353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082314454","display_name":"Fuqin Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-7184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuqin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-7184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076185690","display_name":"Tin Lun Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6363-1446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tin Lun Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6363-1446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92722775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"8363","last_page":"8370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7980180978775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.748961329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6969045400619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6137475967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5207464694976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5152609348297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-constancy","display_name":"Color constancy","score":0.5018699169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4760969877243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4717080295085907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-enhancement","display_name":"Image enhancement","score":0.4417099356651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4253513813018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.4179508686065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18593692779541016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7980180978775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748961329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6969045400619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6137475967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5207464694976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5152609348297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187888035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563885","display_name":"Color constancy","level":3,"score":0.5018699169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4760969877243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4717080295085907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017601658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image enhancement","level":3,"score":0.4417099356651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4253513813018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4179508686065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18593692779541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2020.3048667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.3048667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1160427777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073274","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6529383448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC01202101025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8409263389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-INT008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580436348","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2011260964","https://openalex.org/W2014223894","https://openalex.org/W2054814429","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2124548376","https://openalex.org/W2127757833","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2254039850","https://openalex.org/W2409352305","https://openalex.org/W2468596194","https://openalex.org/W2535547924","https://openalex.org/W2566376500","https://openalex.org/W2576174010","https://openalex.org/W2577678996","https://openalex.org/W2750632489","https://openalex.org/W2767618624","https://openalex.org/W2791710889","https://openalex.org/W2799265886","https://openalex.org/W2807563922","https://openalex.org/W2810518847","https://openalex.org/W2887817889","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2935842779","https://openalex.org/W2949187370","https://openalex.org/W2951730755","https://openalex.org/W2962782553","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963045776","https://openalex.org/W2963591054","https://openalex.org/W2963911235","https://openalex.org/W2964052394","https://openalex.org/W2964121592","https://openalex.org/W2968136324","https://openalex.org/W2981718299","https://openalex.org/W2988910664","https://openalex.org/W3007628345","https://openalex.org/W3021484023","https://openalex.org/W3102327032","https://openalex.org/W3121661546","https://openalex.org/W4297797859","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6653661246","https://openalex.org/W6732404794","https://openalex.org/W6745297574","https://openalex.org/W6754146604","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6763226398","https://openalex.org/W6774322041","https://openalex.org/W6776689986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3171988471","https://openalex.org/W2354474350","https://openalex.org/W2385349140","https://openalex.org/W4391146534","https://openalex.org/W2412212709","https://openalex.org/W4387489417","https://openalex.org/W3109803620","https://openalex.org/W3087276618","https://openalex.org/W2742422335","https://openalex.org/W2379656739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"vision":[1],"based":[2,30,128],"perception":[3],"methods":[4,31,159],"are":[5],"usually":[6],"built":[7],"on":[8,160],"the":[9,42,58,62,76,83,102,115,131,147],"normal":[10,49,70],"light":[11,25,38,47,50,68,71,104,122,184],"assumption,":[12],"there":[13],"will":[14],"be":[15],"a":[16,96,108,111,120,125,136],"serious":[17],"safety":[18],"issue":[19],"when":[20],"deploying":[21],"them":[22,55],"into":[23,107],"low":[24,37,46,67,103,121,183],"environments.":[26],"Recently,":[27],"deep":[28],"learning":[29],"have":[32],"been":[33],"proposed":[34],"to":[35],"enhance":[36],"images":[39,72],"by":[40],"penalizing":[41],"pixel-wise":[43],"loss":[44],"of":[45,54,64,66,85,146],"and":[48,69,110,177,180],"images.":[51],"However,":[52],"most":[53],"suffer":[56],"from":[57],"following":[59],"problems:":[60],"1)":[61],"need":[63],"pairs":[65],"for":[73,79,143],"training,":[74],"2)":[75],"poor":[77],"performance":[78],"dark":[80],"images,":[81],"3)":[82],"amplification":[84],"noise.":[86],"To":[87],"alleviate":[88],"these":[89],"problems,":[90],"in":[91,182],"this":[92],"letter,":[93],"we":[94,118,134,166],"propose":[95],"two-stage":[97],"unsupervised":[98],"method":[99,156,170],"that":[100,154,168],"decomposes":[101],"image":[105,123,148],"enhancement":[106],"pre-enhancement":[109],"post-refinement":[112],"problem.":[113],"In":[114,130,164],"first":[116],"stage,":[117,133],"pre-enhance":[119],"with":[124,140],"conventional":[126],"Retinex":[127],"method.":[129],"second":[132],"use":[135],"refinement":[137],"network":[138],"learned":[139],"adversarial":[141],"training":[142],"further":[144],"improvement":[145],"quality.":[149],"The":[150],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153,167],"our":[155,169],"outperforms":[157],"previous":[158],"four":[161],"benchmark":[162],"datasets.":[163],"addition,":[165],"can":[171],"significantly":[172],"improve":[173],"feature":[174],"points":[175],"matching":[176],"simultaneous":[178],"localization":[179],"mapping":[181],"conditions.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
