{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008895125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2976309","title":"Simple, Low-Hysteresis, Foldable, Fabric Pneumatic Artificial Muscle","display_name":"Simple, Low-Hysteresis, Foldable, Fabric Pneumatic Artificial Muscle","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008895125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2976309","mag":"3008895125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2020.2976309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2976309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059463904","display_name":"Nicholas D. Naclerio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-3014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas D. Naclerio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-3014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088329417","display_name":"Elliot W. Hawkes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliot W. Hawkes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-5025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0503,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95023683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"3406","last_page":"3413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-muscle","display_name":"Artificial muscle","score":0.7819162607192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformable-matrix","display_name":"Conformable matrix","score":0.7246140241622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6255794763565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumatic-artificial-muscles","display_name":"Pneumatic artificial muscles","score":0.5531493425369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.5078824162483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hysteresis","display_name":"Hysteresis","score":0.4959908425807953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.48607137799263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumatic-actuator","display_name":"Pneumatic actuator","score":0.44874969124794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4204689860343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.41969138383865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4157649576663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3678615689277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29257339239120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22185802459716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.18272385001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10770893096923828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196628372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801090","display_name":"Artificial muscle","level":3,"score":0.7819162607192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86072612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160239","display_name":"Conformable matrix","level":2,"score":0.7246140241622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6255794763565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2317989","display_name":"Pneumatic artificial muscles","level":4,"score":0.5531493425369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.5078824162483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123299182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190837","display_name":"Hysteresis","level":2,"score":0.4959908425807953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.48607137799263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170401851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965061","display_name":"Pneumatic actuator","level":3,"score":0.44874969124794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4204689860343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41969138383865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4157649576663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3678615689277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29257339239120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22185802459716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.18272385001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10770893096923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2020.2976309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2976309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8593718641","display_name":"NRI: Vine Robots: Achieving Locomotion and Construction by Growth","funder_award_id":"1637446","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W211888945","https://openalex.org/W1542280958","https://openalex.org/W1575924372","https://openalex.org/W1995797200","https://openalex.org/W2004674014","https://openalex.org/W2013688694","https://openalex.org/W2023267402","https://openalex.org/W2043044857","https://openalex.org/W2055823008","https://openalex.org/W2060137931","https://openalex.org/W2063737635","https://openalex.org/W2070184318","https://openalex.org/W2143395976","https://openalex.org/W2156378823","https://openalex.org/W2156715549","https://openalex.org/W2165479823","https://openalex.org/W2171568918","https://openalex.org/W2243842006","https://openalex.org/W2418282907","https://openalex.org/W2561609334","https://openalex.org/W2736385379","https://openalex.org/W2736778426","https://openalex.org/W2737491236","https://openalex.org/W2883855608","https://openalex.org/W2896056663","https://openalex.org/W2909034794","https://openalex.org/W2909467637","https://openalex.org/W2919013143","https://openalex.org/W3003868926","https://openalex.org/W3106042088","https://openalex.org/W4243705704","https://openalex.org/W6608631664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012595107","https://openalex.org/W2058125982","https://openalex.org/W211888945","https://openalex.org/W1978574942","https://openalex.org/W2742397931","https://openalex.org/W2384571910","https://openalex.org/W2120869143","https://openalex.org/W4308998796","https://openalex.org/W4386272349","https://openalex.org/W2048066663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soft":[0],"robots":[1,6,21],"offer":[2],"advantages":[3],"over":[4,101,123,171],"rigid":[5],"in":[7,127],"adaptability,":[8],"robustness":[9],"to":[10,189],"uncertainty,":[11],"and":[12,69,162],"human":[13],"safety.":[14],"However,":[15],"realizing":[16],"soft":[17,183],"actuators":[18],"for":[19,58,158,182],"these":[20],"is":[22,48,65,155],"still":[23],"a":[24,28,37,52,59,72,82,178],"challenge.":[25],"We":[26,149],"present":[27],"simple,":[29],"highly":[30],"conformable":[31],"pneumatic":[32,174],"artificial":[33,175],"muscle":[34,74,91,117,154,168],"made":[35],"of":[36,41,81,104,109,132],"thin,":[38],"single":[39],"layer":[40],"woven,":[42],"bias-cut":[43],"fabric.":[44],"The":[45],"airtight":[46],"fabric":[47],"adhered":[49],"together":[50],"with":[51,96],"flexible":[53],"adhesive,":[54],"negating":[55],"the":[56,79,90,116,153,191],"need":[57],"bladder":[60,83],"or":[61,84],"sewing.":[62],"Thus,":[63],"it":[64],"foldable":[66],"when":[67,75],"depressurized":[68],"behaves":[70],"like":[71],"McKibben":[73,110],"pressurized,":[76],"but":[77],"without":[78],"friction":[80],"braided":[85],"sheath.":[86],"Experiments":[87],"show":[88],"that":[89,108,115,143,152,186],"exhibits":[92],"repeatable,":[93],"near-linear":[94],"behavior":[95],"less":[97,106],"than":[98,107,135],"1%":[99],"hysteresis,":[100],"an":[102,130],"order":[103,131],"magnitude":[105,133],"muscles.":[111],"Dynamic":[112],"testing":[113],"shows":[114,142],"responds":[118],"quickly,":[119],"even":[120],"at":[121],"lengths":[122],"60":[124],"cm,":[125],"contracting":[126],"0.03":[128],"s,":[129],"quicker":[134],"series":[136],"pouch":[137],"motors.":[138],"A":[139],"fatigue":[140],"test":[141],"its":[144],"life":[145],"exceeds":[146],"100,000":[147],"cycles.":[148],"also":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"well":[156],"suited":[157],"steering":[159],"tip-extending":[160],"robots,":[161],"actuating":[163],"folding,":[164],"deployable":[165],"structures.":[166],"Our":[167],"offers":[169],"improvements":[170],"various":[172],"existing":[173],"muscles,":[176],"providing":[177],"simple":[179],"new":[180],"option":[181],"robotic":[184],"actuation":[185],"has":[187],"potential":[188],"advance":[190],"field.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
