{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006173634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2972829","title":"Deep Learning of Neuromuscular and Visuomotor Control of a Biomimetic Simulated Humanoid","display_name":"Deep Learning of Neuromuscular and Visuomotor Control of a Biomimetic Simulated Humanoid","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006173634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2972829","mag":"3006173634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2020.2972829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2972829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011742172","display_name":"Masaki Nakada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-1533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Nakada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-1533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087504521","display_name":"Tao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-255X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667095","display_name":"Honglin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043936730","display_name":"Arjun Lakshmipathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-3651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Lakshmipathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034397232","display_name":"Demetri Terzopoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demetri Terzopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01036369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"3952","last_page":"3959"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torso","display_name":"Torso","score":0.8879878520965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6100987195968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"Motor control","score":0.6057778596878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraocular-muscles","display_name":"Extraocular muscles","score":0.5546106100082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49830031394958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43390345573425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.41784530878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3193815350532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.23010507225990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19244921207427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15939262509346008}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523889960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160695","display_name":"Torso","level":2,"score":0.8879878520965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6100987195968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.6057778596878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776807875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533979","display_name":"Extraocular muscles","level":2,"score":0.5546106100082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49830031394958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43390345573425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.41784530878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3193815350532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.23010507225990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19244921207427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15939262509346008}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2020.2972829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2972829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1588714915","https://openalex.org/W1601794479","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W2011937936","https://openalex.org/W2036412313","https://openalex.org/W2047723398","https://openalex.org/W2064789419","https://openalex.org/W2094217503","https://openalex.org/W2117268954","https://openalex.org/W2124028049","https://openalex.org/W2124904960","https://openalex.org/W2130281033","https://openalex.org/W2134629106","https://openalex.org/W2136492961","https://openalex.org/W2143320034","https://openalex.org/W2151386498","https://openalex.org/W2155007355","https://openalex.org/W2157796157","https://openalex.org/W2161759480","https://openalex.org/W2166274628","https://openalex.org/W2461980015","https://openalex.org/W2519125098","https://openalex.org/W2546340494","https://openalex.org/W2611367167","https://openalex.org/W2777101122","https://openalex.org/W2810695956","https://openalex.org/W2983872770","https://openalex.org/W4248304976","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6682849425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381953457","https://openalex.org/W2037557144","https://openalex.org/W2285739514","https://openalex.org/W2058088690","https://openalex.org/W2086597735","https://openalex.org/W2052143774","https://openalex.org/W1984495143","https://openalex.org/W4308297792","https://openalex.org/W1607811686","https://openalex.org/W2295587027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,238],"present":[1],"a":[2,25,103,165],"biomimetic":[3],"framework":[4,23],"for":[5,113],"human":[6,28],"neuromuscular":[7],"and":[8,42,50,75,94,140,152,173,189,212,223,252],"visuomotor":[9,60,205],"control":[10,61,91,105,117,132,142,206],"that":[11,90,241],"promises":[12],"to":[13,17,186,216,235],"be":[14],"of":[15,96,122,137,149,155,167,207,226],"value":[16],"researchers":[18],"developing":[19],"humanoid":[20,199],"robots.":[21],"Our":[22],"features":[24],"biomechanically":[26],"simulated":[27,255],"musculoskeletal":[29],"model,":[30],"actuated":[31],"by":[32,40],"numerous":[33],"skeletal":[34],"muscles,":[35,44,108],"with":[36,231],"realistic":[37],"eyes":[38],"driven":[39],"extraocular":[41,107],"intraocular":[43],"whose":[45,51],"optic":[46],"organs":[47],"refract":[48],"light,":[49],"retinas":[52],"have":[53],"many":[54],"nonuniformly":[55],"distributed":[56],"photoreceptors.":[57],"The":[58],"humanoid's":[59],"system":[62],"comprises":[63],"24":[64],"trained":[65,85],"deep":[66],"neural":[67,87],"networks":[68,88],"(DNNs)-10":[69],"DNNs":[70,77,169,180],"in":[71,78,214,246],"its":[72,79,194,208],"vision":[73,179],"subsystem":[74],"14":[76],"motor":[80,101],"subsystem-plus":[81],"an":[82,247],"additional":[83],"4":[84],"shallow":[86],"(SNNs)":[89],"the":[92,97,100,106,118,123,133,138,146,160,182,221],"irises":[93],"lenses":[95],"eyes.":[98],"Of":[99],"DNNs,":[102],"pair":[104,166],"6":[109],"per":[110],"eye,":[111,171],"responsible":[112],"eye":[114],"movements,":[115,130,175],"2":[116,131,141],"216":[119],"neck":[120],"muscles":[121,136,148,154],"cervicocephalic":[124],"biomechanical":[125],"complex,":[126],"producing":[127],"natural":[128],"head":[129],"443":[134],"core":[135],"torso,":[139,211],"each":[143,150,156],"limb;":[144],"i.e.,":[145],"29":[147],"arm":[151,188],"39":[153],"leg.":[157],"Directly":[158],"from":[159],"foveated":[161],"retinal":[162],"photoreceptor":[163],"responses,":[164],"foveation":[168,222],"drive":[170],"head,":[172,210],"torso":[174],"while":[176],"8":[177],"limb":[178],"extract":[181],"visual":[183,224],"information":[184],"needed":[185],"direct":[187],"leg":[190],"actions.":[191],"By":[192],"synthesizing":[193],"own":[195],"training":[196],"data,":[197],"our":[198],"automatically":[200],"learns":[201],"efficient,":[202],"online,":[203],"active":[204],"eyes,":[209],"limbs":[213],"order":[215],"perform":[217,253],"nontrivial":[218],"tasks":[219],"involving":[220],"pursuit":[225],"moving":[227],"target":[228],"objects":[229],"coupled":[230],"visually-guided":[232],"limb-reaching":[233],"actions":[234],"intercept":[236],"them.":[237],"also":[239],"demonstrate":[240],"it":[242],"can":[243],"balance":[244],"itself":[245],"upright":[248],"stance,":[249],"take":[250],"steps,":[251],"certain":[254],"sports":[256],"activities.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}