{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805267014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2018.2846289","title":"Fully Convolutional Networks With Sequential Information for Robust Crop and Weed Detection in Precision Farming","display_name":"Fully Convolutional Networks With Sequential Information for Robust Crop and Weed Detection in Precision Farming","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805267014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2018.2846289","mag":"2805267014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2018.2846289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2018.2846289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.03412","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079471643","display_name":"Philipp Lottes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-7070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Lottes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-7070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068364473","display_name":"Jens Behley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Behley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-0319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067521048","display_name":"Andres Milioto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5716-3279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres Milioto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5716-3279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011166267","display_name":"Cyrill Stachniss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-6972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyrill Stachniss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-6972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079471643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.3898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":273,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99777606,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"2870","last_page":"2877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed","display_name":"Weed","score":0.718102753162384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6632245182991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.6476554870605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5552894473075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.526009202003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4494025409221649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"Weed control","score":0.4437258839607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4171901047229767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.36100542545318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3530268967151642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32636746764183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.3132585287094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21471360325813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.13455921411514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09417054057121277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.718102753162384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6632245182991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.6476554870605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5552894473075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.526009202003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4494025409221649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.4437258839607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4171901047229767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.36100542545318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3530268967151642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32636746764183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.3132585287094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21471360325813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.13455921411514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09417054057121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2018.2846289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2018.2846289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.03412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03412","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.03412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.03412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03412","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.03412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1980148204","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2096448242","https://openalex.org/W2163867022","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2304648132","https://openalex.org/W2418106930","https://openalex.org/W2524954406","https://openalex.org/W2559597482","https://openalex.org/W2564734427","https://openalex.org/W2586545389","https://openalex.org/W2587218622","https://openalex.org/W2624423843","https://openalex.org/W2737162192","https://openalex.org/W2737250466","https://openalex.org/W2739413041","https://openalex.org/W2752192487","https://openalex.org/W2755766995","https://openalex.org/W2773650303","https://openalex.org/W2774919344","https://openalex.org/W2951898048","https://openalex.org/W2962782553","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W3106321900","https://openalex.org/W4293406525","https://openalex.org/W4308909683","https://openalex.org/W6637050416","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6697974390","https://openalex.org/W6717372056","https://openalex.org/W6739106209","https://openalex.org/W6744842679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506386864","https://openalex.org/W3049256127","https://openalex.org/W2019082283","https://openalex.org/W2076074519","https://openalex.org/W1592917383","https://openalex.org/W1966322886","https://openalex.org/W2279742145","https://openalex.org/W2486520318","https://openalex.org/W4391009123","https://openalex.org/W2043829150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reducing":[0],"the":[1,20,63,72,103,140,148,161,216,226],"use":[2,196],"of":[3,43,102,160,218,225],"agrochemicals":[4],"is":[5,46,55,71,145],"an":[6,128],"important":[7],"component":[8],"toward":[9],"sustainable":[10],"agriculture.":[11],"Robots":[12],"that":[13,54,74,120,144,179,211],"can":[14],"perform":[15],"targeted":[16],"weed":[17,39,61,95,98],"control":[18],"offer":[19],"potential":[21],"to":[22,24,57,85,94,154,184,194,205],"contribute":[23],"this":[25,69,111],"goal,":[26],"for":[27],"example,":[28],"through":[29],"specialized":[30],"weeding":[31],"actions":[32],"such":[33,44,197],"as":[34],"selective":[35],"spraying":[36],"or":[37],"mechanical":[38],"removal.":[40],"A":[41,65],"prerequisite":[42],"systems":[45,83,198],"a":[47,78,115,123,157,168,173,223],"reliable":[48],"and":[49,60,97,107,131,165,209],"robust":[50],"plant":[51],"classification":[52,82,118,220],"system":[53,119,153,181,213],"able":[56],"distinguish":[58],"crop":[59,141,164],"in":[62,68,199],"field.":[64],"major":[66],"challenge":[67],"context":[70],"fact":[73],"different":[75],"fields":[76,187],"show":[77,210],"large":[79],"variability.":[80],"Thus,":[81],"have":[84],"robustly":[86,155],"cope":[87],"with":[88,92,127],"substantial":[89],"environmental":[90,190],"changes":[91],"respect":[93],"pressure":[96],"types,":[99],"growth":[100],"stages":[101],"crop,":[104],"visual":[105],"appearance,":[106],"soil":[108],"conditions.":[109],"In":[110],"letter,":[112],"we":[113],"propose":[114],"novel":[116],"crop-weed":[117,219],"relies":[121],"on":[122],"fully":[124],"convolutional":[125],"network":[126],"encoder-decoder":[129],"structure":[130],"incorporates":[132],"spatial":[133],"information":[134,143],"by":[135],"considering":[136],"image":[137,149],"sequences.":[138],"Exploiting":[139],"arrangement":[142],"observable":[146],"from":[147],"sequences":[150],"enables":[151],"our":[152,180,212],"estimate":[156],"pixel-wise":[158],"labeling":[159],"images":[162],"into":[163],"weed,":[166],"i.e.,":[167],"semantic":[169],"segmentation.":[170],"We":[171,202],"provide":[172,203],"thorough":[174],"experimental":[175],"evaluation,":[176],"which":[177],"shows":[178],"generalizes":[182],"well":[183],"previously":[185],"unseen":[186],"under":[188],"varying":[189],"conditions-a":[191],"key":[192],"capability":[193],"actually":[195],"precision":[200],"framing.":[201],"comparisons":[204],"other":[206],"state-of-the-art":[207],"approaches":[208],"substantially":[214],"improves":[215],"accuracy":[217],"without":[221],"requiring":[222],"retraining":[224],"model.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
