{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2292627934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2016.2521894","title":"Pupil Variation Applied to the Eye Tracking Control of an Endoscopic Manipulator","display_name":"Pupil Variation Applied to the Eye Tracking Control of an Endoscopic Manipulator","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2292627934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2016.2521894","mag":"2292627934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2016.2521894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2016.2521894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101671671","display_name":"Yang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2894-6730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064884431","display_name":"Satoshi Miura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-8074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Miura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070277351","display_name":"Yo Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yo Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014322597","display_name":"Kazuya Kawamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-1311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuya Kawamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School & Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School & Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080654277","display_name":"Shigeki Sugano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-2446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigeki Sugano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111640158","display_name":"Masakatsu G. Fujie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masakatsu G. Fujie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90784809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"531","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12053","display_name":"Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7056202292442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6561833620071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5745418667793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endoscope","display_name":"Endoscope","score":0.56915283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.5689409375190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5440865755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4893931448459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.476762592792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.45940202474594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44163304567337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08677840232849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.0703190267086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06237313151359558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7056202292442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6561833620071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5745418667793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776820786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580725","display_name":"Endoscope","level":2,"score":0.56915283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.5689409375190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5440865755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4893931448459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.476762592792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.45940202474594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44163304567337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08677840232849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0703190267086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06237313151359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lra.2016.2521894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2016.2521894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169774","display_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","issn_l":"2377-3766","issn":["2377-3766"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:50604424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100865404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196385","display_name":"Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","host_organization_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91932901","https://openalex.org/W1973086629","https://openalex.org/W1976339519","https://openalex.org/W1976425187","https://openalex.org/W1988198512","https://openalex.org/W1993254594","https://openalex.org/W2005893619","https://openalex.org/W2007163867","https://openalex.org/W2017267690","https://openalex.org/W2021435529","https://openalex.org/W2045048508","https://openalex.org/W2088962633","https://openalex.org/W2102804490","https://openalex.org/W2142135349","https://openalex.org/W2169417829","https://openalex.org/W2249787324","https://openalex.org/W2288615239","https://openalex.org/W2809898253","https://openalex.org/W4230277160","https://openalex.org/W4235888321","https://openalex.org/W6603746958","https://openalex.org/W6696308496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2925090727","https://openalex.org/W3211638357","https://openalex.org/W2351909712","https://openalex.org/W2969411419","https://openalex.org/W2369735957","https://openalex.org/W2325135661","https://openalex.org/W2137055573","https://openalex.org/W2980372563","https://openalex.org/W2544660632","https://openalex.org/W4280634683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,28],"laparoscopic":[1],"surgery,":[2],"numerous":[3],"devices":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6,49],"developed":[7,53],"to":[8,11,92,109,117,139],"allow":[9],"surgeons":[10],"manipulate":[12],"the":[13,37,89,94,97,106,132,136,141,145,148],"laparoscope":[14],"by":[15,161],"themselves.":[16],"Some":[17],"previously":[18,50],"adopted":[19],"approaches":[20],"include":[21],"hands-free":[22],"strategies,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"eye":[26,83],"tracking.":[27],"this":[29],"letter,":[30],"we":[31],"propose":[32],"a":[33,64,70,127],"new":[34],"approach":[35],"for":[36,58,134],"control":[38],"of":[39,96,147],"an":[40,54,59,114,162],"endoscopic":[41,60,137],"manipulator":[42,61,138],"using":[43],"pupil":[44,80,124],"variation,":[45],"which":[46,104],"has":[47,126],"not":[48],"attempted.":[51],"We":[52,111],"intention":[55],"recognition":[56],"system":[57],"based":[62],"on":[63,79,130,151],"support":[65],"vector":[66],"machine":[67],"(SVM)":[68],"and":[69,82,121],"probabilistic":[71],"neural":[72],"network":[73],"(PNN).":[74],"The":[75,99],"SVM":[76],"classifier,":[77],"trained":[78],"variation":[81,125],"rotation":[84],"velocity":[85],"data,":[86],"recognizes":[87],"when":[88],"operator":[90,107],"wants":[91,108],"alter":[93],"direction":[95,105],"endoscope.":[98],"PNN":[100],"classifier":[101],"determines":[102],"in":[103],"move.":[110],"set":[112],"up":[113],"experimental":[115],"task":[116],"evaluate":[118],"our":[119],"proposal,":[120],"conclude":[122],"that":[123],"significant":[128],"effect":[129],"judging":[131],"timing":[133],"activating":[135],"project":[140],"operative":[142],"field":[143,150],"onto":[144],"center":[146],"visual":[149],"monitor.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"it":[154],"shows":[155],"better":[156],"performance":[157],"than":[158],"endoscope":[159],"manipulation":[160],"assistant.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}