{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117562722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3649595","title":"Quantifying the Impact of TLE Ageing on LEO IoT Link Reliability","display_name":"Quantifying the Impact of TLE Ageing on LEO IoT Link Reliability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117562722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3649595"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lnet.2025.3649595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3649595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234060","display_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","issn_l":"2576-3156","issn":["2576-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092762627","display_name":"Daniel Commey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-918X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801502816","display_name":"Texas College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fsb1973","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801502816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Commey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University at College Station, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-918X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University at College Station, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830","https://openalex.org/I2801502816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116658072","display_name":"Kamel Abbad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139483","display_name":"GREYC","ror":"https://ror.org/043749971","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I194210350","https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I4210139483","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I98702875"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamel Abbad","raw_affiliation_strings":["GREYC Laboratory, University of Caen Normandy, NEAC Industry, Caen, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6036-4497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GREYC Laboratory, University of Caen Normandy, NEAC Industry, Caen, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107079615","display_name":"Matilda Nkoom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3446-6516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801502816","display_name":"Texas College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fsb1973","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801502816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matilda Nkoom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University at College Station, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3446-6516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University at College Station, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830","https://openalex.org/I2801502816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121575344","display_name":"Griffith S. Klogo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28046988","display_name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb23x68","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Griffith S. Klogo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042499396","display_name":"Lyes Khoukhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-769X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124158823","display_name":"Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers","ror":"https://ror.org/0175hh227","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124158823","https://openalex.org/I4210134562"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145724","display_name":"Centre d'Etudes et De Recherche en Informatique et Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/044j5mm75","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyes Khoukhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEDRIC, Conservatoire National des Arts et M&#x00E9;tiers, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-769X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDRIC, Conservatoire National des Arts et M&#x00E9;tiers, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124158823","https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005775958","display_name":"Garth V. Crosby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-2653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801502816","display_name":"Texas College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fsb1973","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801502816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garth V. Crosby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University at College Station, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-2653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University at College Station, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830","https://openalex.org/I2801502816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71906078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"101","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8356999754905701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8356999754905701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.05380000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.03280000016093254,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7627000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephemeris","display_name":"Ephemeris","score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.44690001010894775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7627000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64828349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120200","display_name":"Ephemeris","level":3,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989135121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349167","display_name":"Ground station","level":3,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87635042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186717","display_name":"Critical frequency","level":3,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lnet.2025.3649595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3649595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234060","display_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","issn_l":"2576-3156","issn":["2576-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two-Line":[0],"Element":[1],"(TLE)":[2],"sets":[3],"are":[4],"the":[5,62,82,86],"ubiquitous":[6],"ephemerides":[7],"for":[8,72,116],"propagating":[9],"Low":[10],"Earth":[11],"Orbit":[12],"(LEO)":[13],"satellite":[14],"trajectories.":[15],"However,":[16],"their":[17],"predictive":[18],"accuracy":[19],"degrades":[20],"rapidly":[21],"over":[22,67,99],"time,":[23],"a":[24,90,112],"phenomenon":[25],"known":[26],"as":[27,101],"TLE":[28,102,117],"ageing.":[29],"For":[30],"power-constrained":[31],"Internet":[32],"of":[33,121],"Things":[34],"(IoT)":[35],"devices":[36],"relying":[37],"on":[38,61],"precisely":[39],"scheduled,":[40],"brief":[41],"communication":[42],"links,":[43],"this":[44,58],"degradation":[45],"leads":[46],"to":[47,98,107,126],"missed":[48],"passes,":[49],"severely":[50],"compromising":[51],"network":[52],"reliability.":[53],"This":[54,110],"letter":[55],"rigorously":[56],"quantifies":[57],"critical":[59,91,113],"effect":[60],"Starlink":[63],"constellation.":[64],"By":[65],"analyzing":[66],"2.8":[68],"million":[69],"pass":[70],"events":[71],"150":[73],"satellites":[74],"observed":[75],"from":[76,94,105],"four":[77],"geographically":[78],"diverse":[79],"ground":[80],"stations,":[81],"study":[83],"demonstrates":[84],"that":[85],"missed-pass":[87],"probability":[88],"undergoes":[89],"transition,":[92],"increasing":[93],"less":[95,125],"than":[96],"1%":[97],"3%":[100],"age":[103],"increases":[104],"6":[106,122],"12":[108],"hours.":[109],"establishes":[111],"operational":[114],"requirement":[115],"updates":[118],"at":[119],"intervals":[120],"hours":[123],"or":[124],"maintain":[127],"high-reliability":[128],"services":[129],"(e.g.,":[130],">99%).":[131]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-30T00:00:00"}
