{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410086413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909","title":"Adaptive Trust Architecture for Secure IoT Communication in 6G","display_name":"Adaptive Trust Architecture for Secure IoT Communication in 6G","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410086413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234060","display_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","issn_l":"2576-3156","issn":["2576-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101982427","display_name":"Ijaz Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-8947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ijaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications-Networks and Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Department of Safe and Connected Society, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications&#x2014;Networks and Systems (CWC-NS), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-8947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Networks and Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Safe and Connected Society, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications&#x2014;Networks and Systems (CWC-NS), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115003887","display_name":"Shakthi Gimhana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-9469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shakthi Gimhana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications-Networks and Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications&#x2014;Networks and Systems (CWC-NS), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-9469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Networks and Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications&#x2014;Networks and Systems (CWC-NS), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ijaz Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1101-8698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ijaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications-Networks and Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Department of Safe and Connected Society, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications&#x2014;Networks and Systems (CWC-NS), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1101-8698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Networks and Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Safe and Connected Society, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications&#x2014;Networks and Systems (CWC-NS), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045566035","display_name":"Erkki Harjula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-209X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erkki Harjula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications-Networks and Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-209X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Networks and Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98184265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"113","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9243999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6133889555931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.607320249080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5744521021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5601767301559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47208473086357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.417458176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3494408130645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3379098176956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3322996497154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3303488492965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.241704523563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08057966828346252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6133889555931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.607320249080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5744521021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5601767301559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47208473086357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.417458176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3494408130645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3379098176956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3322996497154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3303488492965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.241704523563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08057966828346252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234060","display_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","issn_l":"2576-3156","issn":["2576-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3566909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234060","display_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","issn_l":"2576-3156","issn":["2576-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2469647886","display_name":"6G Flagship - 6G-Enabled Wireless Smart Society & Ecosystem","funder_award_id":"369116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2576260025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"369116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7584473721","display_name":"6G Bridge \u2014 Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy (8682/31/2022)","funder_award_id":"8682/31/2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","funder_display_name":"Business Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8815353682","display_name":"6G Bridge \u2014 Oulun Yliopisto (8819/31/2022)","funder_award_id":"8819/31/2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","funder_display_name":"Business Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G952083254","display_name":"Co-Innovation, tutkimusosallistuja \u2014 Oulun Yliopisto (8095/31/2022)","funder_award_id":"8095/31/2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","funder_display_name":"Business Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2810652557","https://openalex.org/W4206586673","https://openalex.org/W4319996447","https://openalex.org/W4393079398","https://openalex.org/W4396944255","https://openalex.org/W4401387452","https://openalex.org/W4402978519","https://openalex.org/W4404102945","https://openalex.org/W4405178972","https://openalex.org/W6605984345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2038503502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"adaptive":[4],"trust":[5,35,48,70],"architecture":[6],"that":[7],"enables":[8],"secure,":[9],"low-latency":[10,83],"communication":[11,58],"in":[12],"6G-enabled":[13],"Internet":[14],"of":[15],"Things":[16],"(IoT)":[17],"networks,":[18],"centering":[19],"around":[20],"a":[21,38],"novel":[22],"Adaptive":[23],"Zero":[24],"Trust":[25],"Manager":[26],"(AZTM)":[27],"deployed":[28],"at":[29],"the":[30],"network":[31],"edge.":[32],"Integrating":[33],"zero":[34],"principles":[36],"with":[37],"lightweight,":[39],"consensus-free":[40],"blockchain,":[41],"AZTM":[42],"provides":[43],"real-time":[44],"authentication":[45],"and":[46,89,100],"behavior-based":[47],"evaluation":[49],"while":[50],"maintaining":[51],"energy":[52],"efficiency.":[53],"It":[54],"supports":[55],"secure":[56],"device":[57],"through":[59,76],"dynamic":[60],"key":[61],"exchange,":[62],"eliminating":[63],"reliance":[64],"on":[65,78],"pre-shared":[66],"secrets":[67],"or":[68],"centralized":[69],"authorities.":[71],"The":[72],"system":[73],"is":[74],"validated":[75],"implementation":[77],"resource-constrained":[79],"IoT":[80],"devices,":[81],"demonstrating":[82],"performance,":[84],"resilience":[85],"to":[86],"common":[87],"attacks,":[88],"suitability":[90],"for":[91],"mission-critical":[92],"6G":[93],"applications":[94],"such":[95],"as":[96],"healthcare,":[97],"industrial":[98],"automation,":[99],"intelligent":[101],"transport.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
