{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407638867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3542762","title":"GNNPPOR: A Proximal Policy Optimization Multi-Factor Joint Routing Approach Based on Graph Neural Networks in FANETs","display_name":"GNNPPOR: A Proximal Policy Optimization Multi-Factor Joint Routing Approach Based on Graph Neural Networks in FANETs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407638867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3542762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lnet.2025.3542762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3542762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234060","display_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","issn_l":"2576-3156","issn":["2576-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057091449","display_name":"Jian Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-0385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1619-2863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1619-2863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039540933","display_name":"Qingwang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-5357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingwang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-5357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012831842","display_name":"Yebo Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-7567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yebo Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-7567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003333516","display_name":"Tao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-7950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-7950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057091449"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4066,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95004305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"130","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9538000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5354032516479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.4535267949104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41413554549217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28498488664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11232081055641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.06612744927406311}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5354032516479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.4535267949104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41413554549217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28498488664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11232081055641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.06612744927406311}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lnet.2025.3542762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lnet.2025.3542762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234060","display_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","issn_l":"2576-3156","issn":["2576-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Networking Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2888261132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"622012370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6214137335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202401AT070351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330387","funder_display_name":"Foundation for Fundamental Research of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7387356526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202401CF070108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330387","funder_display_name":"Foundation for Fundamental Research of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876610231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202401AT070376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330387","funder_display_name":"Foundation for Fundamental Research of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330387","display_name":"Foundation for Fundamental Research of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990310893","https://openalex.org/W3129723556","https://openalex.org/W4213170903","https://openalex.org/W4287220170","https://openalex.org/W4292567141","https://openalex.org/W4322576408","https://openalex.org/W4328007770","https://openalex.org/W4385154362","https://openalex.org/W4385338914","https://openalex.org/W4386869595","https://openalex.org/W4391249243","https://openalex.org/W4400314683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,81,99,120],"significant":[2],"challenges":[3],"of":[4,15,58],"low":[5],"resource":[6],"utilization,":[7],"load":[8,54],"imbalance,":[9],"and":[10,55,146,152],"difficulties":[11],"in":[12,18,86,98,132],"meeting":[13],"quality":[14,57],"service":[16,59],"requirements":[17],"Flying":[19],"Ad":[20],"Hoc":[21],"Networks":[22],"(FANETs)":[23],"routing":[24,39],"protocols,":[25],"this":[26],"letter":[27],"proposes":[28],"a":[29,65,77,89,104],"Graph":[30],"Neural":[31],"Network":[32],"(GNN)-based":[33],"approach":[34,42,108],"for":[35,115],"proximal":[36],"policy":[37],"optimization":[38],"(GNNPPOR).":[40],"The":[41],"aims":[43],"to":[44,50,93,95,111],"integrate":[45],"traffic":[46,117],"engineering":[47],"into":[48],"FANETs":[49,100],"effectively":[51],"distribute":[52],"network":[53,72,82,101,122,147],"meet":[56],"requirements.":[60],"In":[61],"GNNPPOR,":[62],"we":[63],"design":[64],"GNN":[66],"model":[67],"that":[68,127],"first":[69],"aggregates":[70],"multi-dimensional":[71],"state":[73,83],"information":[74],"efficiently":[75],"through":[76],"message-passing":[78],"mechanism.":[79],"Subsequently,":[80],"is":[84,109],"updated":[85],"real-time":[87],"using":[88],"gated":[90],"recurrent":[91],"unit":[92],"adapt":[94],"dynamic":[96],"changes":[97],"state.":[102,123],"Finally,":[103],"multi-factor":[105],"joint":[106],"decision-making":[107],"proposed":[110],"identify":[112],"suitable":[113],"routes":[114],"each":[116],"based":[118],"on":[119],"current":[121],"Simulation":[124],"results":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"GNNPPOR":[128],"outperforms":[129],"existing":[130],"methods":[131],"several":[133],"key":[134],"metrics.":[135],"Specifically,":[136],"packet":[137],"delivery":[138],"rate":[139],"increased":[140],"by":[141,150],"25.3%,":[142],"while":[143],"energy":[144],"consumption":[145],"jitter":[148],"decreased":[149],"12.8%":[151],"24.9%,":[153],"respectively.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
