{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7115775213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3645566","title":"First Multiclass Arctic Sea Ice Classification Results From FY-3E Data","display_name":"First Multiclass Arctic Sea Ice Classification Results From FY-3E Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7115775213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3645566"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3645566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3645566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jesse Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8190-0848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jesse Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qingyun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weimin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weimin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65268795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.777999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.777999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.16869999468326569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.7856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6067000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.5582000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-concentration","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40059998631477356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.7856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6067000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5814999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.5582000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85753676","display_name":"Classification scheme","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018378255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"The arctic","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14401","display_name":"Kappa","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3645566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3645566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8183555006980896}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2598282750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSERC RGPIN-2024-04442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G449092680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22CUBMUN09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334436","funder_display_name":"Canadian Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6247240482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2024-04442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334436","display_name":"Canadian Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1gte98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608677044","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2248954824","https://openalex.org/W2460583900","https://openalex.org/W2606874166","https://openalex.org/W2625413745","https://openalex.org/W2947225220","https://openalex.org/W2964431324","https://openalex.org/W2989537603","https://openalex.org/W3001315270","https://openalex.org/W3212562056","https://openalex.org/W4212994949","https://openalex.org/W4388280075","https://openalex.org/W4399474681","https://openalex.org/W4407199606","https://openalex.org/W4412939791","https://openalex.org/W4413203687"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"performs":[2],"the":[3,19,52,57,63,76,91,95],"first":[4],"multiclass":[5],"sea":[6,92,115],"ice":[7,93,116,141,144,148],"classification":[8,68,97,100,121,162],"using":[9,65,72,94,104],"global":[10],"navigation":[11],"satellite":[12,48],"system":[13],"(GNSS)":[14],"reflectometry":[15],"(GNSS-R)":[16],"data":[17],"from":[18,62,107],"Fengyun-3E":[20],"(FY-3E)":[21],"satellite.":[22],"A":[23],"principal":[24],"component":[25],"analysis":[26],"(PCA)":[27],"based":[28,165],"denoising":[29],"scheme":[30],"for":[31,139],"GNSS-R":[32],"delay":[33],"Doppler":[34],"maps":[35],"(DDMs)":[36],"is":[37],"proposed.":[38],"The":[39,99,119,151],"newly":[40],"proposed":[41,152],"processing":[42],"methods":[43,73],"are":[44,70,102],"applied":[45],"to":[46,50,89,161],"FY-3E":[47],"tracks":[49],"retain":[51],"most":[53],"significant":[54],"features":[55,69],"of":[56],"data.":[58,118],"After":[59],"removing":[60],"noise":[61],"DDMs":[64],"PCA,":[66],"DDM":[67],"calculated":[71],"established":[74],"in":[75],"literature.":[77],"An":[78],"extremely":[79],"randomized":[80],"trees":[81],"(ET)":[82],"machine":[83],"learning":[84],"(ML)":[85],"classifier":[86],"was":[87,123],"used":[88],"classify":[90],"denoised":[96],"observables.":[98],"results":[101],"validated":[103],"labels":[105],"derived":[106],"National":[108],"Snow":[109],"and":[110,137,146,167],"Ice":[111],"Data":[112],"Center":[113],"(NSIDC)":[114],"concentration":[117],"output":[120],"accuracy":[122],"87.14%":[124],"with":[125],"a":[126],"0.7834":[127],"Kappa":[128],"coefficient.":[129],"Per":[130],"class":[131],"F1":[132],"scores":[133],"were":[134],"89.72%,":[135],"85.53%,":[136],"81.34%":[138],"first-year":[140],"(FYI),":[142],"multi-year":[143],"(MYI),":[145],"thin":[147],"(TI),":[149],"respectively.":[150],"method":[153],"produced":[154],"improvements":[155],"across":[156],"all":[157],"performance":[158],"metrics":[159],"compared":[160],"without":[163],"PCA":[164],"observables":[166],"denoising.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}
