{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414079643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3606975","title":"A Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Sea Ice Concentration Estimation","display_name":"A Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Sea Ice Concentration Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414079643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3606975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3606975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3606975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650498","display_name":"Yuhan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-4789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Innovation and Development Base (Centre), Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-4789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Innovation and Development Base (Centre), Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031313822","display_name":"Jiechen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-057X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiechen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-057X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014556604","display_name":"Fengming Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengming Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-8766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049392282","display_name":"Bin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-8412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065370914","display_name":"Tingting Gan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Innovation and Development Base (Centre), Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Innovation and Development Base (Centre), Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030512610","display_name":"Qingyun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-957X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090385470","display_name":"Weimin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weimin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-5041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73087236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9293000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5770999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.5587999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singularity","display_name":"Singularity","score":0.4187999963760376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5770999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.5587999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16171025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863349","display_name":"Singularity","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43555835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300258","display_name":"Conditional probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3606975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3606975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2617992376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42376241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3702989254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42276251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4580189013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42211530033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038160415","https://openalex.org/W2121225075","https://openalex.org/W2460583900","https://openalex.org/W2912226897","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W3047090321","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312855577","https://openalex.org/W4384283977","https://openalex.org/W4394591472","https://openalex.org/W4399555698","https://openalex.org/W4401399426","https://openalex.org/W4402674165","https://openalex.org/W4402727602","https://openalex.org/W4404132894","https://openalex.org/W4409197831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W2938171715","https://openalex.org/W4287727129","https://openalex.org/W3041172967","https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W2147155098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,143],"estimating":[2],"sea":[3],"ice":[4],"concentration":[5],"(SIC)":[6],"from":[7],"synthetic":[8],"aperture":[9],"radar":[10],"(SAR)":[11],"data":[12],"using":[13],"convolutional":[14],"neural":[15],"networks":[16],"(CNNs)":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"widely":[20],"reported.":[21],"However,":[22,68],"the":[23,80,95,115,120,144,149,175,183],"presence":[24],"of":[25,46,82,156,163,172,179,185],"speckle":[26],"noise":[27,100,135],"in":[28,56,182],"dual-polarization":[29],"SAR":[30],"signals":[31],"and":[32,99,134,165,177],"confusion":[33],"at":[34],"ice-water":[35],"boundaries":[36],"complicates":[37],"accurate":[38],"density":[39],"estimation,":[40],"often":[41],"leading":[42],"to":[43,64,72,76,93],"significant":[44,54],"underestimations":[45],"SIC.":[47],"Recently,":[48],"diffusion":[49,107,180],"models":[50,92,181],"(DMs)":[51],"have":[52],"shown":[53],"success":[55],"various":[57],"remote":[58],"sensing":[59],"tasks,":[60],"demonstrating":[61,174],"their":[62],"potential":[63,178],"address":[65],"these":[66],"challenges.":[67],"applying":[69],"DMs":[70],"directly":[71,85],"SIC":[73,138,186],"estimation":[74],"leads":[75],"singularity":[77,116],"issues,":[78],"hindering":[79],"accuracy":[81],"results.":[83],"Additionally,":[84],"incorporating":[86],"conditional":[87,98,105,130],"images":[88],"can":[89,112],"cause":[90],"denoising":[91,106],"overlook":[94],"differences":[96],"between":[97],"information.":[101],"We":[102,123],"introduce":[103],"a":[104,125,154,166],"probabilistic":[108],"model":[109],"(DiffSIC)":[110],"that":[111,128,148],"fundamentally":[113],"resolve":[114],"problem":[117],"by":[118],"reweighting":[119],"loss":[121],"function.":[122],"designed":[124],"U-shaped":[126],"architecture":[127],"integrates":[129],"information,":[131],"time":[132],"steps,":[133],"information":[136],"for":[137],"estimation.":[139,187],"Extensive":[140],"experiments":[141],"conducted":[142],"AI4Arctic":[145],"dataset":[146],"indicate":[147],"proposed":[150],"DiffSIC":[151],"framework":[152],"achieves":[153],"coefficient":[155],"determination":[157],"(<italic":[158],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[159,161],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">R</i><sup":[160],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>)":[162],"90.959%":[164],"root":[167],"mean":[168],"square":[169],"error":[170],"(RMSE)":[171],"8.632%,":[173],"effectiveness":[176],"task":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
