{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413392222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3601131","title":"ProFus: Progressive Radar\u2013Vision Heterogeneous Modality Fusion for Maritime Target Detection","display_name":"ProFus: Progressive Radar\u2013Vision Heterogeneous Modality Fusion for Maritime Target Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413392222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3601131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3601131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3601131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695181","display_name":"Jingang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-3371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110948","display_name":"Hainan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/026ktg130","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110948"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-3371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110948","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102526335","display_name":"Shikai Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110948","display_name":"Hainan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/026ktg130","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110948"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shikai Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4717-6833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110948","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014911461","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5926-3548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110948","display_name":"Hainan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/026ktg130","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110948"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5926-3548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Branch, Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110948","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93748916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.6171571016311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5970096588134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.563425600528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.5487648844718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5222345590591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47071927785873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.4459913372993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.41905859112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11205321550369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.0704713761806488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.6171571016311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5970096588134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.563425600528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5487648844718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5222345590591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47071927785873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4459913372993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.41905859112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11205321550369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.0704713761806488}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3601131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3601131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2785353800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZDYF2025SHFZ058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324882","funder_display_name":"Hainan Provincial Department of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6315475098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZDYF2025SHFZ058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329756","funder_display_name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7573359638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324882","display_name":"Hainan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03rbw2w25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329756","display_name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2981609437","https://openalex.org/W2982763192","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3204554924","https://openalex.org/W4315474767","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386076504","https://openalex.org/W4386160024","https://openalex.org/W4389104732","https://openalex.org/W4389799381","https://openalex.org/W4390357519","https://openalex.org/W4391249103","https://openalex.org/W4391620810","https://openalex.org/W4391770072","https://openalex.org/W4392903394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385859805","https://openalex.org/W2530972254","https://openalex.org/W2374013449","https://openalex.org/W73545470","https://openalex.org/W2364381299","https://openalex.org/W2374430585","https://openalex.org/W3144423903","https://openalex.org/W4313855562","https://openalex.org/W2091422131","https://openalex.org/W2742737769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Maritime":[0],"monitoring":[1],"is":[2,95],"crucial":[3],"in":[4,55,85,160],"both":[5],"civilian":[6],"and":[7,13,41,62,90,114,131,142],"military":[8],"applications,":[9],"with":[10],"shore-based":[11],"radar":[12,28,89],"visual":[14,47,91],"systems":[15,48],"widely":[16],"used":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,81],"their":[20],"cost-effectiveness.":[21],"However,":[22],"single-sensor":[23],"methods":[24],"have":[25],"notable":[26],"limitations:":[27],"systems,":[29],"while":[30],"offering":[31],"wide":[32],"detection":[33],"coverage,":[34],"suffer":[35],"from":[36],"high":[37],"false":[38],"alarm":[39],"rates":[40],"lack":[42],"detailed":[43],"target":[44,78],"information,":[45],"whereas":[46],"provide":[49],"rich":[50],"details":[51],"but":[52],"perform":[53],"poorly":[54],"adverse":[56],"weather":[57],"conditions":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60],"rain":[61],"fog.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"these":[66],"issues,":[67],"this":[68,122],"paper":[69],"proposes":[70],"a":[71,103],"progressive":[72],"radar-vision":[73,153],"fusion":[74,94,105,154],"method":[75,101,148],"for":[76],"surface":[77],"detection.":[79],"Due":[80],"the":[82,99,146],"significant":[83],"differences":[84],"data":[86],"characteristics":[87],"between":[88],"sensors,":[92],"direct":[93],"nearly":[96],"infeasible.":[97],"Instead,":[98],"proposed":[100,147],"adopts":[102],"stepwise":[104],"strategy,":[106],"consisting":[107],"of":[108,129,136],"coordinate":[109],"calibration,":[110],"shallow":[111],"feature":[112,116],"fusion,":[113],"deep":[115],"integration.":[117],"Experimental":[118],"results":[119],"show":[120],"that":[121],"approach":[123],"achieves":[124],"an":[125,132],"mAP<sub":[126,133],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[127,134],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">50</sub>":[128],"86.7%":[130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">75</sub>":[135],"54.5%,":[137],"outperforming":[138],"YOLOv10":[139],"by":[140],"1.0%":[141],"1.5%,":[143],"respectively.":[144],"Moreover,":[145],"significantly":[149],"surpasses":[150],"existing":[151],"state-of-the-art":[152],"approaches,":[155],"demonstrating":[156],"its":[157],"superior":[158],"effectiveness":[159],"complex":[161],"environments.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}