{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411996035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3585707","title":"Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Gated Adaptable Convolutional-Based Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold Network","display_name":"Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Gated Adaptable Convolutional-Based Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411996035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3585707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3585707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3585707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113419573","display_name":"Rajat Kumar Arya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6174-9847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56404289","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology BHU","ror":"https://ror.org/01kh5gc44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56404289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajat Kumar Arya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6174-9847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010819780","display_name":"Pratik Chattopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-6563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56404289","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology BHU","ror":"https://ror.org/01kh5gc44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56404289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratik Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-6563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033457874","display_name":"Rajeev Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-1556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56404289","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology BHU","ror":"https://ror.org/01kh5gc44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56404289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajeev Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113419573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93803139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8881570100784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6728774905204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5583601593971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5239303708076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5038353800773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.47689273953437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4075150489807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36807912588119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12066900730133057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8881570100784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6728774905204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5583601593971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5239303708076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5038353800773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.47689273953437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4075150489807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36807912588119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12066900730133057}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3585707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3585707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1950365613","https://openalex.org/W1966580635","https://openalex.org/W2029061115","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2162698522","https://openalex.org/W2622150877","https://openalex.org/W2790275230","https://openalex.org/W2808098982","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3105357426","https://openalex.org/W3214821343","https://openalex.org/W4381163482","https://openalex.org/W4393119650","https://openalex.org/W4394008640","https://openalex.org/W4396821501","https://openalex.org/W4401819987","https://openalex.org/W4403155188","https://openalex.org/W4405310654","https://openalex.org/W4410193076","https://openalex.org/W6867176674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision":[0],"transformers":[1],"(ViTs)":[2],"and":[3,27,68,99,115,145],"convolutional":[4,101],"neural":[5],"networks":[6],"(CNNs)":[7],"have":[8,34],"demonstrated":[9],"remarkable":[10],"performance":[11,127],"in":[12],"classifying":[13],"complicated":[14],"hyperspectral":[15],"images":[16],"(HSIs).":[17],"However,":[18],"these":[19,43],"models":[20],"require":[21],"a":[22,76,90],"lot":[23],"of":[24,122],"computational":[25],"power":[26],"training":[28],"data.":[29],"Recently,":[30],"Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold":[31],"Networks":[32],"(KANs)":[33],"been":[35],"proposed":[36],"as":[37,135],"an":[38,136],"effective":[39,137],"network":[40],"to":[41,47,60,64,71,105],"overcome":[42],"challenges.":[44],"In":[45],"addition":[46],"learning":[48],"new":[49],"features,":[50],"KANs":[51],"may":[52],"optimize":[53],"learned":[54],"features":[55,98],"with":[56],"outstanding":[57],"accuracy":[58],"due":[59],"their":[61],"outward":[62],"similarity":[63,70],"Multi-Layer":[65],"Perceptrons":[66],"(MLPs)":[67],"internal":[69],"splines.":[72],"Therefore,":[73],"we":[74],"introduce":[75],"novel":[77],"gated-adaptable":[78],"convolutional-based":[79],"KAN":[80],"(GC-KAN)":[81],"for":[82,139,148],"the":[83,112,120],"HSI":[84],"classification":[85],"(HSIC).":[86],"Our":[87],"method":[88],"combines":[89],"gated":[91],"approach":[92],"that":[93,103],"selectively":[94],"focuses":[95],"on":[96,111],"significant":[97],"adaptable":[100],"modules":[102],"adjust":[104],"intricate":[106],"spectral-spatial":[107],"changes.":[108],"Extensive":[109],"studies":[110],"Houston":[113],"2013":[114],"Indian":[116],"Pines":[117],"datasets":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"efficacy":[121],"GC-KAN,":[123],"demonstrating":[124],"its":[125],"improved":[126],"over":[128],"conventional":[129],"techniques.":[130],"This":[131],"demonstrates":[132],"GC-KAN\u2019s":[133],"potential":[134],"tool":[138],"more":[140],"thorough":[141],"spatial-spectral":[142],"feature":[143],"extraction":[144],"accurate":[146],"interpretation":[147],"several":[149],"remote":[150],"sensing":[151],"applications.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}