{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410886718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3575212","title":"Accuracy Assessment of SWOT Wind and Wave Data by Comparison With Buoy and Nadir Altimeter Data","display_name":"Accuracy Assessment of SWOT Wind and Wave Data by Comparison With Buoy and Nadir Altimeter Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410886718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3575212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3575212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3575212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Renna Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5322-8067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renna Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5322-8067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003528132","display_name":"Jungang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-750X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-750X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051455125","display_name":"Wei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-9002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-9002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428500","display_name":"Qian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-6376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7668,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82086257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoy","display_name":"Buoy","score":0.8760581016540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.8146187663078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.787693977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6270147562026978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swot-analysis","display_name":"SWOT analysis","score":0.5684492588043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-height","display_name":"Wave height","score":0.42062029242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3962894678115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.38094067573547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.33008813858032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.32971078157424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14748263359069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.11523181200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09574940800666809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779847632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30026","display_name":"Buoy","level":2,"score":0.8760581016540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.8146187663078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.787693977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6270147562026978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119059837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175096","display_name":"SWOT analysis","level":2,"score":0.5684492588043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70620910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821563","display_name":"Wave height","level":2,"score":0.42062029242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3962894678115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.38094067573547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33008813858032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.32971078157424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14748263359069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.11523181200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09574940800666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3575212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3575212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5346808618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1941519447","https://openalex.org/W1942963773","https://openalex.org/W1987358681","https://openalex.org/W1992126010","https://openalex.org/W2039906607","https://openalex.org/W2173085987","https://openalex.org/W2898526360","https://openalex.org/W2902319115","https://openalex.org/W2946292188","https://openalex.org/W3037206505","https://openalex.org/W3083620541","https://openalex.org/W4390779669","https://openalex.org/W4398765290","https://openalex.org/W4401282688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144119629","https://openalex.org/W4391718690","https://openalex.org/W4366771694","https://openalex.org/W4280594713","https://openalex.org/W2091909192","https://openalex.org/W2353359658","https://openalex.org/W4311758679","https://openalex.org/W1990027451","https://openalex.org/W2126083891","https://openalex.org/W2083996321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"altimeters":[1,117],"serve":[2],"as":[3,111,113],"pivotal":[4],"instruments":[5],"for":[6,104,271,282],"extensive,":[7],"simultaneous":[8],"observations":[9],"of":[10,40,55,60,146,159,166,171,195,228,248],"ocean":[11,41,283],"wind":[12,42,284],"and":[13,18,45,58,63,99,108,122,140,169,193,206,226,235,262,275,285],"wave.":[14],"The":[15,124],"Surface":[16],"Water":[17],"Ocean":[19,88],"Topography":[20],"(SWOT)":[21],"satellite,":[22],"launched":[23],"in":[24,94],"December":[25],"2022,":[26],"which":[27,118],"is":[28],"equipped":[29],"with":[30,76,153,174,244],"a":[31],"Ka-band":[32],"Radar":[33],"Interferometer":[34],"(KaRIn),":[35],"enables":[36],"two-dimensional,":[37],"wide-swath":[38],"data":[39,65,78,114,237,264,277],"speed":[43],"(WS)":[44],"significant":[46],"wave":[47,286],"height":[48],"(SWH).":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51],"provides":[52,259],"an":[53],"assessment":[54,126,255],"the":[56,80,95,100,130,232,245,253,289],"accuracy":[57,125,156,177,254],"stability":[59],"SWOT":[61,131,162,185,198,216,233,258],"WS":[62,132,158,186,199,205,211,234,261,274],"SWH":[64,163,217,236,263,276],"from":[66,79,115,135,189,220],"November":[67],"23,":[68],"2023":[69],"to":[70,137,150,182,191,213,222],"March":[71],"31,":[72],"2025,":[73],"by":[74],"comparing":[75],"buoy":[77,151],"National":[81],"Data":[82],"Buoy":[83],"Center":[84],"(NDBC),":[85],"Tropical":[86,96],"Atmosphere":[87],"(TAO),":[89],"Pilot":[90],"Research":[91,101],"Moored":[92,102],"Array":[93,103],"Atlantic":[97],"(PIRATA),":[98],"African-Asian-Australian":[105],"Monsoon":[106],"Analysis":[107],"Prediction":[109],"(RAMA),":[110],"well":[112],"nadir":[116,179,183,214],"include":[119],"Jason-3,":[120],"Sentinel-3A/B":[121],"Sentinel-6A.":[123],"results":[127],"show":[128,238],"that":[129,257],"has":[133,164,187,218],"bias":[134,165,188,219],"-0.48":[136],"-0.96":[138],"m/s":[139,148],"root":[141],"mean":[142],"square":[143],"error":[144],"(RMSE)":[145],"1.21-1.79":[147],"relative":[149,212],"data,":[152],"relatively":[154],"higher":[155,202],"at":[157,203,209],"2\u20139":[160],"m/s.":[161,197],"0.01":[167],"m":[168,225],"RMSE":[170,194,227],"0.59":[172],"m,":[173],"slightly":[175,201],"lower":[176,208],"than":[178],"altimeters.":[180,215],"Compared":[181],"altimeters,":[184],"-0.15m/s":[190],"-0.30m/s":[192],"1.17\u20131.76":[196],"are":[200],"low":[204],"marginally":[207],"high":[210],"-0.06":[221],"-":[223],"0.15":[224],"0.42\u20130.69":[229],"m.":[230],"Additionally,":[231],"similar":[239],"consistent":[240],"characteristics":[241],"when":[242],"compared":[243],"same":[246],"series":[247],"satellite":[249],"altimeter":[250],"data.":[251],"Overall,":[252],"demonstrates":[256],"reliable":[260],"under":[265],"most":[266],"oceanic":[267],"conditions.":[268],"Its":[269],"capability":[270],"wide-swath,":[272],"synchronous":[273],"collection":[278],"offers":[279],"valuable":[280],"support":[281],"monitoring":[287],"over":[288],"global":[290],"ocean.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}