{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408029981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3541893","title":"UFLUX v2.0: A Process-Informed Machine Learning Framework for Efficient and Explainable Modeling of Terrestrial Carbon Uptake","display_name":"UFLUX v2.0: A Process-Informed Machine Learning Framework for Efficient and Explainable Modeling of Terrestrial Carbon Uptake","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408029981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3541893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3541893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3541893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/ad392e11-e72a-40ae-90f0-0d009bb06962","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061901809","display_name":"Wenquan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6117-9843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenquan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6117-9843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010592738","display_name":"Songyan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-9920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songyan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-9920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007939424","display_name":"Jian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-125X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-125X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084153689","display_name":"Casey M. Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1802-0128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Casey M. Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Man Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7038-4771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800004676","display_name":"Observatoire de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/029nkcm90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I2800004676"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105396","display_name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Mati\u00e8re en Astrophysique et Atmosph\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/01g5pq328","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I2800004676","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210105396","https://openalex.org/I4210142324","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["LERMA/Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7038-4771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LERMA/Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800004676","https://openalex.org/I4210105396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021604574","display_name":"Jingya Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6419-3134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingya Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101869758","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6237-0179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6237-0179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038530988","display_name":"Congfeng Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congfeng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, XH, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, XH, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006636279","display_name":"Jiancheng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-2912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancheng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-2912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5958382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10399","display_name":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","score":0.9555000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6917527914047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6442270278930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.4719875156879425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3571457266807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.32407891750335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11057448387145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09162300825119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08791965246200562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6917527914047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6442270278930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4719875156879425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3571457266807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32407891750335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11057448387145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09162300825119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08791965246200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2025.3541893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2025.3541893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/ad392e11-e72a-40ae-90f0-0d009bb06962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/ad392e11-e72a-40ae-90f0-0d009bb06962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dong, W, Zhu, S, Xu, J, Ryan, C, Chen, M, Zeng, J, Yu, H, Cao, C & Shi, J 2025, 'UFLUX v2.0: A Process-Informed Machine Learning Framework for Efficient and Explainable Modeling of Terrestrial Carbon Uptake', IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 22. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2025.3541893","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:500575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2025.3541893>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/ad392e11-e72a-40ae-90f0-0d009bb06962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/ad392e11-e72a-40ae-90f0-0d009bb06962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dong, W, Zhu, S, Xu, J, Ryan, C, Chen, M, Zeng, J, Yu, H, Cao, C & Shi, J 2025, 'UFLUX v2.0: A Process-Informed Machine Learning Framework for Efficient and Explainable Modeling of Terrestrial Carbon Uptake', IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 22. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2025.3541893","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052648234","https://openalex.org/W2116673487","https://openalex.org/W2138448722","https://openalex.org/W2158897782","https://openalex.org/W2920688722","https://openalex.org/W2929349101","https://openalex.org/W2950734190","https://openalex.org/W2966064471","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3040739689","https://openalex.org/W4237123086","https://openalex.org/W4281699074","https://openalex.org/W4383878786","https://openalex.org/W4385194982","https://openalex.org/W4391814126","https://openalex.org/W4392646317","https://openalex.org/W4401358022","https://openalex.org/W4404490237","https://openalex.org/W6794670449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gross":[0],"primary":[1],"productivity":[2],"(GPP),":[3],"the":[4,16,27,90,126,148,182],"amount":[5],"of":[6,29,120,133,209],"carbon":[7,18,211],"plants":[8],"fixed":[9],"by":[10,88],"photosynthesis,":[11],"is":[12],"pivotal":[13],"for":[14,198],"understanding":[15,208],"global":[17,50,138,153,210],"cycle":[19],"and":[20,40,76,95,131,147,157,185,190,204,213],"ecosystem":[21],"functioning.":[22],"Process-based":[23],"models":[24,94],"built":[25],"on":[26],"knowledge":[28,75],"ecological":[30,74],"processes":[31],"are":[32,174],"susceptible":[33],"to":[34,58,82,125,178,188,216],"biases":[35,91,180],"stemming":[36],"from":[37],"their":[38],"assumptions":[39],"approximations.":[41],"These":[42,172],"limitations":[43],"potentially":[44],"result":[45],"in":[46,49,85,109,165,169,181],"considerable":[47],"uncertainties":[48,84],"GPP":[51,86,139,155,199],"estimation,":[52],"which":[53],"may":[54],"pose":[55],"significant":[56],"challenges":[57],"our":[59,101,207],"net":[60],"zero":[61],"goals.":[62],"This":[63,193],"study":[64,194],"presents":[65],"UFLUX":[66,103,145],"v2.0,":[67],"a":[68,106,117],"process-informed":[69],"model":[70,110,150,184],"that":[71,143],"integrates":[72],"state-of-the-art":[73],"advanced":[77],"machine":[78],"learning":[79,89],"(ML)":[80],"technique":[81],"reduce":[83],"estimation":[87],"between":[92],"process-based":[93,127,149,183],"eddy":[96],"covariance":[97],"(EC)":[98],"measurements.":[99],"In":[100],"findings,":[102],"v2.0":[104,146],"demonstrated":[105],"substantial":[107],"improvement":[108],"accuracy,":[111],"achieving":[112],"an$R":[113],"{^{{2}}}$of":[114,129],"0.79":[115],"with":[116],"reduced":[118],"RMSE":[119,132],"1.60":[121],"g$\\cdot":[122,135],"$Cm\u22122d\u22121,":[123],"compared":[124],"model\u2019s$R":[128],"0.51":[130],"3.09":[134],"$Cm\u22122d\u22121.":[136],"Our":[137],"distribution":[140],"analysis":[141],"indicates":[142],"while":[144],"achieved":[151],"similar":[152],"total":[154],"(137.47":[156],"132.23":[158],"PgC,":[159],"respectively),":[160],"they":[161],"exhibited":[162],"large":[163],"differences":[164,173],"spatial":[166],"distribution,":[167],"particularly":[168],"latitudinal":[170],"gradients.":[171],"very":[175],"likely":[176],"due":[177],"systematic":[179],"differing":[186],"sensitivities":[187],"climate":[189],"environmental":[191,217],"conditions.":[192],"offers":[195],"improved":[196],"adaptability":[197],"modeling":[200],"across":[201],"diverse":[202],"ecosystems":[203],"further":[205],"enhances":[206],"cycles":[212],"its":[214],"responses":[215],"changes.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-02-28T00:00:00"}
