{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403722303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3485883","title":"Gridless GLRT for Tomographic SAR Detection Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Gridless GLRT for Tomographic SAR Detection Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403722303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3485883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3485883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3485883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109724748","display_name":"Nabil Haddad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nabil Haddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Antennas and Microwave Devices Laboratory, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0684-6209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Antennas and Microwave Devices Laboratory, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007372539","display_name":"Alessandra Budillon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-7834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Budillon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy","Dipartimento per le Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-7834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento per le Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000588173","display_name":"Karima Hadj-Rabah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-0944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karima Hadj-Rabah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-0944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015031958","display_name":"Azzedine Bouaraba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7336-4571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azzedine Bouaraba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7336-4571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011446142","display_name":"Lekhmissi Harkati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-5313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lekhmissi Harkati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-5313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113361983","display_name":"Mohammed Amine Benbouzid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Amine Benbouzid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optoelectronic Laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optoelectronic Laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029031588","display_name":"Gilda Schirinzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-2969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilda Schirinzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy","Dipartimento per le Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-2969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento per le Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109724748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97350259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.7982000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.7982000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.7311000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.7184000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7515958547592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6099875569343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5721670389175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomographic-reconstruction","display_name":"Tomographic reconstruction","score":0.4669927656650543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4068090617656708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3603079319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3240507245063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3206000328063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.2683669328689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11335411667823792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7515958547592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6099875569343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5721670389175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97742081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7820109","display_name":"Tomographic reconstruction","level":3,"score":0.4669927656650543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4068090617656708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3603079319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3240507245063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3206000328063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.2683669328689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11335411667823792}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3485883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3485883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniparthenope.it:11367/139418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11367/139418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196432","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (Parthenope University of Naples)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","host_organization_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952064446","https://openalex.org/W2026790033","https://openalex.org/W2062007559","https://openalex.org/W2062007696","https://openalex.org/W2063522293","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2291553921","https://openalex.org/W2588524989","https://openalex.org/W2593111597","https://openalex.org/W3001024165","https://openalex.org/W3005873321","https://openalex.org/W3117212619","https://openalex.org/W3212552859","https://openalex.org/W4312998115","https://openalex.org/W4375929043","https://openalex.org/W4390044751","https://openalex.org/W4394564115","https://openalex.org/W4396523234","https://openalex.org/W6803430240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3019402777","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W2031835531","https://openalex.org/W2388590088","https://openalex.org/W4386596916","https://openalex.org/W1969166468","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2097519318","https://openalex.org/W2116377213","https://openalex.org/W4252699458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93,125],"detection":[1],"of":[2,42,63,78,96,115,119],"multiple":[3],"scatterers":[4],"within":[5],"each":[6],"resolution":[7],"cell":[8],"is":[9,87],"an":[10],"open":[11],"research":[12],"subject":[13],"in":[14,117],"synthetic":[15],"aperture":[16],"radar":[17],"(SAR)":[18],"tomography":[19],"(TomoSAR).":[20],"For":[21],"over":[22],"a":[23,75,138],"decade,":[24],"the":[25,40,57,61,64,81,91,97,103,113],"generalized":[26],"likelihood":[27,66],"ratio":[28],"test":[29],"(GLRT)":[30],"detector":[31,99],"has":[32],"been":[33,135],"implemented":[34],"along":[35],"with":[36,49,100],"its":[37],"variants,":[38],"allowing":[39],"generation":[41],"height":[43,120,144],"maps":[44],"and":[45,109,122,132],"3-D":[46],"point":[47],"clouds":[48],"good":[50],"precision.":[51],"However,":[52],"they":[53],"are":[54],"limited":[55],"by":[56],"grid":[58],"search":[59],"during":[60],"optimization":[62,84],"maximum":[65],"function.":[67],"In":[68],"order":[69],"to":[70,89,102],"mitigate":[71],"this,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"gridless":[76],"version":[77],"GLRT":[79],"where":[80],"particle":[82],"swarm":[83],"(PSO)":[85],"method":[86],"used":[88,136],"locate":[90],"minima.":[92],"conducted":[94],"analysis":[95],"proposed":[98],"respect":[101],"state-of-the-art":[104],"methods":[105],"behavior":[106],"on":[107],"simulated":[108],"real":[110],"datasets":[111],"proved":[112],"effectiveness":[114],"PSO-GLRT":[116],"terms":[118],"accuracy":[121],"computational":[123],"cost.":[124],"evaluation":[126],"metrics,":[127],"root-mean-square":[128],"error":[129],"(RMSE),":[130],"accuracy,":[131],"completeness,":[133],"have":[134],"as":[137],"quantitative":[139],"improvement":[140],"indicator":[141],"for":[142],"estimated":[143],"assessment.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}