{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402673211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464689","title":"An Innovative Real-Time Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Signal Generator for Airborne SAR","display_name":"An Innovative Real-Time Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Signal Generator for Airborne SAR","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402673211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025572048","display_name":"Dongxu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-4349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-4349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003953320","display_name":"Tingcun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-414X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingcun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-414X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082768846","display_name":"Jie Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-6643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020669570","display_name":"Gaoang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaoang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qingxin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3548-1433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingxin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3548-1433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082886409","display_name":"Xudong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-2053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002331232","display_name":"Jialong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-5027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-5027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002944604","display_name":"Zhongjun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-7136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-7136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91827747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9362999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.6476132273674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-generator","display_name":"Signal generator","score":0.6197751760482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5646082162857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5545328855514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5198867321014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5165494680404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5052626729011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4903528690338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4872997999191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.46753594279289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4602770507335663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.395632803440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.32918110489845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2835901379585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.2504372000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24550345540046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17507880926132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15216195583343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1490650475025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12731784582138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09467464685440063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.6476132273674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.6197751760482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5646082162857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5545328855514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5198867321014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5165494680404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5052626729011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4903528690338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4872997999191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.46753594279289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4602770507335663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.395632803440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32918110489845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2835901379585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2504372000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24550345540046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17507880926132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15216195583343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1490650475025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12731784582138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09467464685440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076512802","https://openalex.org/W2117250595","https://openalex.org/W2341839539","https://openalex.org/W2553562106","https://openalex.org/W2899722376","https://openalex.org/W2902839856","https://openalex.org/W2930875035","https://openalex.org/W2942063194","https://openalex.org/W2981685216","https://openalex.org/W2982167593","https://openalex.org/W3196353971","https://openalex.org/W4205570564","https://openalex.org/W4281705148","https://openalex.org/W4285261186","https://openalex.org/W4295832448","https://openalex.org/W4312401978","https://openalex.org/W4313139379","https://openalex.org/W4391309290","https://openalex.org/W4393404837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355001665","https://openalex.org/W2158111730","https://openalex.org/W2114812954","https://openalex.org/W2180910554","https://openalex.org/W2346003821","https://openalex.org/W4200068993","https://openalex.org/W2069144628","https://openalex.org/W2366985852","https://openalex.org/W2079961989","https://openalex.org/W2539825046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"aperture":[1],"radar":[2],"(SAR)":[3],"typically":[4],"transmits":[5],"a":[6,25,33,73],"linear":[7,75],"frequency":[8,35,130],"modulation":[9,36],"(LFM)":[10],"waveform.":[11],"It":[12],"utilizes":[13],"weighted":[14],"windowing":[15],"to":[16,46,78,105],"depress":[17],"the":[18,41,52,55,63,90,100,108,112,123,128,136],"peak-to-sidelobe":[19],"ratio":[20,29],"(PSLR),":[21],"which":[22],"results":[23],"in":[24,27,62,111,122],"decrease":[26],"signal-to-noise":[28],"(SNR).":[30],"In":[31],"contrast,":[32],"nonlinear":[34],"(NLFM)":[37],"signal":[38],"can":[39],"reconstruct":[40],"power":[42],"spectral":[43],"density":[44],"(PSD)":[45],"achieve":[47],"lower":[48],"sidelobes":[49],"without":[50],"compromising":[51],"SNR.":[53],"Considering":[54],"substantial":[56],"challenges":[57],"posed":[58],"by":[59],"hardware":[60],"constraints":[61],"real-time":[64],"generation":[65],"of":[66,135],"complex":[67],"NLFM":[68],"waveforms,":[69],"this":[70],"letter":[71],"proposes":[72],"piecewise":[74],"(PWL)":[76],"algorithm":[77,102],"optimize":[79],"resource":[80],"utilization":[81],"while":[82],"realizing":[83],"parallel":[84],"processing":[85],"via":[86],"pipeline":[87],"execution":[88],"and":[89,143],"Horner":[91],"method.":[92],"Meanwhile,":[93],"an":[94,149],"improved":[95],"predistortion":[96],"approach":[97],"integrated":[98],"with":[99],"PWL":[101],"is":[103,120,139],"utilized":[104],"compensate":[106],"for":[107],"phase":[109],"errors":[110],"SAR":[113,152],"system.":[114,153],"The":[115,133],"high-level":[116],"synthesis":[117],"(HLS)":[118],"technique":[119],"applied":[121],"waveform":[124],"generator":[125],"based":[126],"on":[127,148],"radio":[129],"system-on-chip":[131],"(RFSoC).":[132],"performance":[134],"proposed":[137],"method":[138],"validated":[140],"through":[141],"simulations,":[142],"practical":[144],"experiments":[145],"are":[146],"conducted":[147],"X-band":[150],"airborne":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}