{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402673231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464520","title":"VOJA-Net: Vector-Offset Joint Attention Network for ICESat-2 Point Cloud Data Denoising","display_name":"VOJA-Net: Vector-Offset Joint Attention Network for ICESat-2 Point Cloud Data Denoising","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402673231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114686013","display_name":"Zhen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5048-8137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5048-8137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110112782","display_name":"Yuancui Zi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilong Zi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2184-3849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012576415","display_name":"Xin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-2838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603837","display_name":"Yue Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-8650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-8650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113392378","display_name":"Xizhao Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141685","display_name":"Nanjing Surveying and Mapping Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/042t78q04","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xizhao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Seventh Topographic Survey Team, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hainan Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Bureau, Haikou, Hainan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Seventh Topographic Survey Team, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hainan Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Bureau, Haikou, Hainan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114230347","display_name":"Guohui Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107388909","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4884-366X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002251379","display_name":"Fazhi Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazhi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuhang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5251-7812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5251-7812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114686013"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86444349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.6939578056335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5329894423484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5074948668479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4906269609928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4487787187099457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3589029908180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1146044135093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10916781425476074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6939578056335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5329894423484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5074948668479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4906269609928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4487787187099457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3589029908180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1146044135093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10916781425476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3464520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2625245621","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2042024kf0034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4625215681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5208848297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2042023kf0216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983385967","https://openalex.org/W2792703975","https://openalex.org/W2956453367","https://openalex.org/W3111535274","https://openalex.org/W3153465022","https://openalex.org/W3156957502","https://openalex.org/W3210787280","https://openalex.org/W4212831793","https://openalex.org/W4296544717","https://openalex.org/W4312944418","https://openalex.org/W4380143046","https://openalex.org/W4387402950","https://openalex.org/W4388109377","https://openalex.org/W4390587028","https://openalex.org/W4393241132","https://openalex.org/W4400085961","https://openalex.org/W6788305448","https://openalex.org/W6842806116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2802581102","https://openalex.org/W4205786897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Ice,":[1],"Cloud,":[2],"and":[3,104,192,196],"Land":[4],"Elevation":[5],"Satellite-2":[6],"(ICESat-2)":[7],"is":[8],"equipped":[9],"with":[10],"a":[11,30,75,109,122,154],"new":[12],"type":[13],"of":[14,33,96,133,136,194,202],"photon-counting":[15],"laser":[16],"altimetry":[17],"system,":[18],"demonstrating":[19,199],"significant":[20],"potential":[21],"for":[22,84],"global":[23],"mapping.":[24],"However,":[25],"the":[26,93,97,128,137,143,166,181,200,203],"ICESat-2":[27,89,138,177],"data":[28,41,90],"contain":[29],"large":[31],"amount":[32],"noise":[34],"photons":[35,103],"influenced":[36],"by":[37],"solar":[38],"background,":[39],"making":[40],"processing":[42],"challenging.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"letter,":[46],"we":[47,73,107,152],"propose":[48],"an":[49],"end-to-end":[50],"deep":[51],"neural":[52],"network":[53,129,162,167],"called":[54,77],"VOJA-Net,":[55],"which":[56,120],"utilizes":[57],"semantic":[58],"information":[59],"from":[60,88,130],"multilevel":[61,65],"decoders":[62],"to":[63,91,126,146,160,168],"learn":[64],"feature":[66],"representations,":[67],"thus":[68],"enhancing":[69,142],"denoising":[70,156,171],"performance.":[71],"First,":[72],"design":[74,153],"module":[76,113],"ICESat":[78],"spatial":[79,86,98],"transformer":[80],"(IS":[81],"Transformer),":[82],"specifically":[83],"extracting":[85],"features":[87,132],"deepen":[92],"network\u2019s":[94,144],"understanding":[95],"distribution":[99],"differences":[100],"between":[101],"valid":[102,149],"noise.":[105],"Second,":[106],"construct":[108],"joint":[110,115],"attention":[111,116,124],"fusion":[112,117],"named":[114],"(JA":[118],"Fusion),":[119],"employs":[121],"multibranch":[123],"mechanism":[125],"avoid":[127],"overlearning":[131],"dense":[134],"parts":[135],"point":[139,178],"cloud,":[140],"thereby":[141],"ability":[145],"recognize":[147],"sparse":[148],"photons.":[150],"Finally,":[151],"multiscale":[155],"loss":[157],"(MSDLoss)":[158],"function":[159],"guide":[161],"model":[163,183],"training,":[164],"promoting":[165],"achieve":[169],"optimal":[170],"effects.":[172],"On":[173],"our":[174],"carefully":[175],"annotated":[176],"cloud":[179],"dataset,":[180],"final":[182],"achieved":[184],"<inline-formula":[185],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[186],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[187],"<tex-math":[188],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F1$":[189],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[190],"score":[191],"mIoU":[193],"93.34%":[195],"73.40%,":[197],"respectively,":[198],"competitiveness":[201],"proposed":[204],"approach.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
