{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402301050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3455431","title":"Exploring Environmental Information From Smartphone Signals: A Light Indoor Stationary Experimental Study for Rainfall Detection","display_name":"Exploring Environmental Information From Smartphone Signals: A Light Indoor Stationary Experimental Study for Rainfall Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402301050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3455431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3455431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3455431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048194454","display_name":"Kang Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-9102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kang Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-9102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040000754","display_name":"Xichuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-3988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xichuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349600","display_name":"Liu L","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-4315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101346313","display_name":"Sun Xuejin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108981250","display_name":"Xueliang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueliang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for High-Tech Education, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for High-Tech Education, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092276597","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-396X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-396X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048194454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11452914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9546999931335449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9546999931335449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.940500020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9045000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5626146793365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5127764344215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4814702570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3281134366989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18077456951141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11032617092132568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5626146793365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5127764344215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4814702570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3281134366989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18077456951141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11032617092132568}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3455431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3455431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5531696331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42222505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W226953356","https://openalex.org/W1535651209","https://openalex.org/W1995890149","https://openalex.org/W2029022895","https://openalex.org/W2062656075","https://openalex.org/W2137100320","https://openalex.org/W2151339364","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2160488470","https://openalex.org/W2404079341","https://openalex.org/W2508564180","https://openalex.org/W2761834128","https://openalex.org/W2785372412","https://openalex.org/W2804149334","https://openalex.org/W2897990369","https://openalex.org/W2911245023","https://openalex.org/W2937880111","https://openalex.org/W2969758983","https://openalex.org/W3013168438","https://openalex.org/W3083608462","https://openalex.org/W4289638372","https://openalex.org/W4323644427","https://openalex.org/W4388430740","https://openalex.org/W4401073661","https://openalex.org/W6608951591","https://openalex.org/W6767391827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,152],"significance":[1],"of":[2,84,95,110,143],"rainfall":[3,27,160],"detection":[4],"is":[5,136],"generally":[6],"acknowledged,":[7],"and":[8,72,148],"the":[9,56,66,90,98,106,111,141,144],"linked":[10],"opportunistic":[11,166],"approach":[12],"to":[13,97,123],"giving":[14],"it":[15],"new":[16],"momentum":[17],"has":[18,155],"also":[19,137],"been":[20],"extensively":[21],"demonstrated.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"conducted":[25],"a":[26,35,43,81,125,130],"monitoring":[28,161],"experiment":[29,153],"using":[30],"two":[31,50],"stationary":[32],"smartphones":[33],"in":[34,102,159],"light":[36],"indoor":[37],"setting,":[38],"receiving":[39,69],"downlink":[40],"signals":[41,58],"from":[42,169],"long-term":[44],"evolution":[45],"(LTE)":[46],"base":[47,99],"station":[48,100],"for":[49,115],"months.":[51],"analysis":[53],"reveals":[54],"that":[55],"received":[57],"are":[59],"not":[60],"stable":[61],"during":[62,86],"dry":[63],"periods,":[64],"but":[65],"reference":[67,73],"signal":[68,74,167],"power":[70],"(RSRP)":[71],"strength":[75],"indicator":[76],"(RSSI)":[77],"parameters":[78,114],"can":[79],"produce":[80],"certain":[82],"degree":[83],"degradation":[85],"rainfall.":[87],"To":[88],"address":[89],"concern":[91],"about":[92],"frequent":[93],"switching":[94],"connection":[96],"resulting":[101],"different":[103,116],"fluctuation":[104],"levels,":[105],"standardized":[107,149],"standard":[108,150],"deviations":[109],"four":[112],"signaling":[113],"time":[117],"windows":[118],"were":[119],"extracted":[120],"as":[121],"features":[122],"build":[124],"dry-rainy":[126],"classification":[127],"model.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"rain":[131],"rate":[132],"class":[133],"identification":[134],"model":[135],"established":[138],"based":[139,162],"on":[140,163],"extraction":[142],"specific":[145],"rain-induced":[146],"attenuation":[147],"deviation.":[151],"mentioned":[154],"shown":[156],"promising":[157],"results":[158],"widely":[164],"available":[165],"sources":[168],"wireless":[170],"terminals.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}