{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401990636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3451729","title":"Effective 3-D Contactless GPR Imaging: Experimental Validation","display_name":"Effective 3-D Contactless GPR Imaging: Experimental Validation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401990636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3451729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3451729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3451729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015308570","display_name":"Giuseppe Esposito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8806-2895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Esposito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)&#x2013;National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8806-2895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)&#x2013;National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084645776","display_name":"Gianluca Gennarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-5327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Gennarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)&#x2013;National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-5327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)&#x2013;National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081849411","display_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-3127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)&#x2013;National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-3127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)&#x2013;National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062866510","display_name":"Ilaria Catapano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilaria Catapano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)&#x2013;National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-9992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)&#x2013;National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015308570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81728636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9151999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.7471706867218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5441341400146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4771556258201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2559005618095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.1816369891166687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.7471706867218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5441341400146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4771556258201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2559005618095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.1816369891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3451729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3451729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514248469","https://openalex.org/W1520664314","https://openalex.org/W1966470742","https://openalex.org/W2024366082","https://openalex.org/W2054242925","https://openalex.org/W2101575090","https://openalex.org/W2110991606","https://openalex.org/W2132940589","https://openalex.org/W2588475991","https://openalex.org/W2913584179","https://openalex.org/W2914600082","https://openalex.org/W2963157476","https://openalex.org/W2991561177","https://openalex.org/W3083937459","https://openalex.org/W3170444879","https://openalex.org/W4200438805","https://openalex.org/W4225603636","https://openalex.org/W4243613133","https://openalex.org/W4286630908","https://openalex.org/W4322731011","https://openalex.org/W4367663205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2027762722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3],"full":[4],"3-D":[5],"imaging":[6,28,74,118],"by":[7,15],"contactless":[8],"multimonostatic":[9],"ground":[10],"penetrating":[11],"radar":[12],"(GPR)":[13],"data":[14,69,125],"focusing":[16],"on":[17,24,72,82],"the":[18,21,38,48,59,65,68,73,83,92,95,99,102,117,123],"effect":[19,66],"of":[20,67,94,101],"measurement":[22,60,104],"configuration":[23],"reconstruction":[25,107],"performance.":[26],"The":[27],"is":[29,44,62,76],"faced":[30],"as":[31,120,122],"a":[32,55,111],"linear":[33],"inverse":[34],"scattering":[35],"problem":[36],"and":[37,64],"truncated":[39],"singular":[40],"value":[41],"decomposition":[42],"(TSVD)":[43],"adopted":[45],"to":[46,53,90,110],"obtain":[47],"regularized":[49],"solution.":[50],"A":[51],"criterion":[52,97],"determine":[54],"suitable":[56],"spacing":[57],"among":[58],"points":[61],"provided":[63,89],"under":[70],"sampling":[71,126],"results":[75,80,108],"also":[77],"investigated.":[78],"Numerical":[79],"based":[81],"system":[84],"point":[85],"spread":[86],"function":[87],"are":[88],"verify":[91],"validity":[93],"proposed":[96],"for":[98],"estimation":[100],"nonredundant":[103],"spacing.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"relevant":[109],"laboratory":[112],"controlled":[113],"experimental":[114],"test":[115],"validate":[116],"approach":[119],"well":[121],"derived":[124],"criterion.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
