{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401747157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3447828","title":"Long-Range Electromagnetic Propagation Above a Polluted Sea Surface: Hybrid Modeling","display_name":"Long-Range Electromagnetic Propagation Above a Polluted Sea Surface: Hybrid Modeling","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401747157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3447828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3447828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3447828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ensta.hal.science/hal-04680816v1/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022492879","display_name":"Thomas Bonnafont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4874-4047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Bonnafont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4874-4047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081231257","display_name":"Ali Khenchaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-0768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Khenchaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-0768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0568,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86535283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5209704041481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4551744759082794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43118345737457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.42270708084106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27595192193984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.26853737235069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15595632791519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.14583852887153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11608120799064636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5209704041481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4551744759082794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43118345737457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.42270708084106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27595192193984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26853737235069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15595632791519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.14583852887153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11608120799064636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3447828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3447828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04680816v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ensta.hal.science/hal-04680816","pdf_url":"https://ensta.hal.science/hal-04680816v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2024, pp.1-1. ⟨10.1109/LGRS.2024.3447828⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04680816v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ensta.hal.science/hal-04680816","pdf_url":"https://ensta.hal.science/hal-04680816v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2024, pp.1-1. ⟨10.1109/LGRS.2024.3447828⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401747157.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507413134","https://openalex.org/W1964082576","https://openalex.org/W1968504011","https://openalex.org/W1986496134","https://openalex.org/W2048244710","https://openalex.org/W2050363564","https://openalex.org/W2059377683","https://openalex.org/W2082305975","https://openalex.org/W2082677017","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2111014106","https://openalex.org/W2129674450","https://openalex.org/W2158711754","https://openalex.org/W2793873171","https://openalex.org/W2982355276","https://openalex.org/W3012520718","https://openalex.org/W3121259996","https://openalex.org/W3177267144","https://openalex.org/W3197221586","https://openalex.org/W4206815565","https://openalex.org/W4281725323","https://openalex.org/W4312117588","https://openalex.org/W4378625646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W1983126463","https://openalex.org/W2085738998","https://openalex.org/W2095126257","https://openalex.org/W2031511989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modeling":[0],"electromagnetic":[1],"propagation":[2,28],"in":[3,11,17,97,130],"the":[4,27,39,46,60,65,91,94,98,104,126,131,137],"maritime":[5],"environment":[6],"is":[7,36,54,68,111],"a":[8,23,30,78,108],"key":[9],"element":[10],"calibrating":[12],"detection":[13],"tools,":[14],"for":[15,59,103,115],"example":[16],"SAR":[18],"imaging.":[19],"This":[20],"article":[21,85],"presents":[22],"method":[24,53,100,138],"to":[25,57,70,113,135],"compute":[26,77],"above":[29],"polluted":[31],"sea":[32,61,66,74],"surface.":[33,62],"The":[34,81],"latter":[35],"based":[37],"on":[38],"parabolic":[40],"wave":[41],"equation":[42],"(PWE)":[43],"solved":[44],"with":[45],"split-step":[47],"wavelet":[48],"(SSW)":[49],"method.":[50],"A":[51],"hybrid":[52,99],"also":[55],"used":[56,69],"account":[58,114],"Indeed,":[63],"here":[64],"spectrum":[67],"both":[71],"generate":[72],"random":[73],"surfaces":[75],"and":[76,139],"roughness":[79,95],"parameter.":[80],"contributions":[82],"of":[83,93,125],"this":[84],"are":[86,133],"twofold.":[87],"First,":[88],"we":[89],"improve":[90],"calculation":[92],"coefficient":[96],"by":[101],"accounting":[102],"shadowing":[105],"effect.":[106],"Second,":[107],"stochastic":[109],"strategy":[110],"developed":[112],"an":[116],"insoluble":[117],"oil":[118],"slick,":[119],"or":[120],"pollutant,":[121],"that":[122],"covers":[123],"part":[124],"domain.":[127],"Numerical":[128],"tests":[129],"S-band":[132],"provided":[134],"validate":[136],"highlight":[140],"its":[141],"advantages.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}