{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401507544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3442434","title":"Contrastive Learning for Urban Land Cover Classification With Multimodal Siamese Network","display_name":"Contrastive Learning for Urban Land Cover Classification With Multimodal Siamese Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401507544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3442434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3442434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3442434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101359178","display_name":"Rui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-0247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-0247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057309162","display_name":"Jing Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-1450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059026057","display_name":"Yinyi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-8506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinyi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657593","display_name":"Hongsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-9442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-9442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101359178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6152,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71818734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6681581139564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6365777254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.6341502070426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46266651153564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38820958137512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.29720377922058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23281124234199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08502748608589172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6681581139564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6365777254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6341502070426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46266651153564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38820958137512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.29720377922058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23281124234199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08502748608589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3442434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3442434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1343709687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HKU27602020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2219900706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HKU17613022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G58100071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334890","display_name":"University Research Committee, University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2941330239","https://openalex.org/W3098881417","https://openalex.org/W3112898771","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3198316248","https://openalex.org/W3216046014","https://openalex.org/W4214644404","https://openalex.org/W4283697304","https://openalex.org/W4294891446","https://openalex.org/W4312236199","https://openalex.org/W4312552594","https://openalex.org/W4313048911","https://openalex.org/W4321488136","https://openalex.org/W4367281499","https://openalex.org/W4376851287","https://openalex.org/W4383336562","https://openalex.org/W4385815460","https://openalex.org/W4387803977","https://openalex.org/W4389795191","https://openalex.org/W4391248599","https://openalex.org/W4392450240","https://openalex.org/W4394730853","https://openalex.org/W4403998581","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6873728256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4232403550","https://openalex.org/W623607250","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W1537861260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Earth":[1],"observation":[2],"era":[3],"has":[4],"bestowed":[5],"dividends":[6],"upon":[7],"supervised":[8],"land":[9,63,129],"cover":[10,130],"classification":[11,102,131],"based":[12],"on":[13,58],"deep":[14,52],"learning":[15,54,70,127],"and":[16,26,61,97,125],"optical":[17,33],"data.":[18],"However,":[19],"limitations,":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22],"insufficient":[23],"spectral":[24],"information":[25],"reduced":[27],"quality":[28],"during":[29],"inclement":[30],"weather":[31],"for":[32,39,99,128],"data,":[34],"coupled":[35],"with":[36,51,72,104,132],"the":[37,87,93,100,111,118],"need":[38],"extensive":[40],"labeled":[41,59,84,106,134],"samples,":[42],"impede":[43],"accurate":[44],"classification.":[45],"This":[46],"letter":[47],"harnesses":[48],"multimodal":[49,81,122],"images":[50],"contrastive":[53,69,126],"to":[55],"reduce":[56],"reliance":[57],"data":[60],"classify":[62],"covers.":[64],"By":[65],"employing":[66],"a":[67],"well-designed":[68],"method":[71],"triangular":[73],"similarity":[74],"loss,":[75],"our":[76],"model":[77],"can":[78],"learn":[79],"effective":[80],"features":[82,89],"without":[83],"samples.":[85,107,135],"Moreover,":[86],"learned":[88],"are":[90],"fused":[91],"at":[92],"early":[94],"feature":[95],"level":[96],"used":[98],"downstream":[101],"task":[103],"fewer":[105],"Experimental":[108],"results":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"benefits":[112],"of":[113,120],"incorporating":[114],"multiple":[115],"modalities,":[116],"highlighting":[117],"potential":[119],"combining":[121],"image":[123],"analysis":[124],"limited":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}