{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393078993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3380630","title":"Agile Frequency RCS-Based Deep Fusion Network for Ship and Corner Reflector Identification","display_name":"Agile Frequency RCS-Based Deep Fusion Network for Ship and Corner Reflector Identification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393078993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3380630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3380630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3380630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084049234","display_name":"Qinzhe Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3977-1342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinzhe Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic EngineeringKey Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3977-1342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic EngineeringKey Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103199464","display_name":"Hanxin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4181-2149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanxin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic EngineeringKey Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic EngineeringKey Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100875962","display_name":"Yinghai Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Huahang Radio Measurement Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Huahang Radio Measurement Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008256662","display_name":"Yinghui Quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic EngineeringKey Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-9441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic EngineeringKey Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021408538","display_name":"Mengdao Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdao Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.182,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85369436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9394000172615051,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9394000172615051,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9251999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflector","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","score":0.5989391207695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5889491438865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.5791203379631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5339008569717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5066088438034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corner-reflector","display_name":"Corner reflector","score":0.46243607997894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4411919116973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4163905680179596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1832357943058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09404674172401428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1823435","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","level":3,"score":0.5989391207695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5889491438865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.5791203379631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5339008569717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5066088438034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117818321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1249999","display_name":"Corner reflector","level":2,"score":0.46243607997894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4411919116973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4163905680179596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1832357943058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09404674172401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3380630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3380630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G620763321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560657923","https://openalex.org/W2891657227","https://openalex.org/W2909390529","https://openalex.org/W2920134135","https://openalex.org/W2987390709","https://openalex.org/W3196948528","https://openalex.org/W3206085775","https://openalex.org/W3213756390","https://openalex.org/W4210990344","https://openalex.org/W4285116429","https://openalex.org/W4313150818","https://openalex.org/W4323338454","https://openalex.org/W4379794369","https://openalex.org/W6840726259","https://openalex.org/W6903446417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989243815","https://openalex.org/W1979812588","https://openalex.org/W2560657923","https://openalex.org/W1991905528","https://openalex.org/W2035070750","https://openalex.org/W2040179445","https://openalex.org/W1629527803","https://openalex.org/W15495531","https://openalex.org/W1564007561","https://openalex.org/W1634113544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,46],"radar":[1,18],"target":[2],"recognition,":[3],"anti-corner":[4],"reflector":[5,99],"interference":[6],"is":[7,178],"a":[8,91],"critical":[9],"research":[10],"area.":[11],"Radar":[12],"cross":[13],"section":[14],"(RCS),":[15],"commonly":[16],"used":[17],"data,":[19,41],"serves":[20],"to":[21,180],"recognize":[22],"of":[23,48,67,81,175,183],"ship":[24,34,96],"and":[25,62,78,97,149,152,177],"coner":[26],"reflector.":[27],"However,":[28],"considering":[29],"the":[30,79,133,142,165,172,181],"current":[31],"circumstances,":[32],"RCS-based":[33],"recognition":[35,100,162],"heavily":[36],"relies":[37],"on":[38,114,155,164],"single-frequency":[39],"multi-angle":[40],"which":[42],"limits":[43],"its":[44],"potential.":[45],"terms":[47],"classification":[49,55],"methods,":[50],"manual":[51],"feature":[52,92],"extraction":[53],"for":[54,95,118],"has":[56],"drawbacks":[57],"like":[58],"subjectivity,":[59],"high":[60],"workload,":[61],"limited":[63],"adaptability.":[64],"Direct":[65],"use":[66],"convolutional":[68],"neural":[69],"networks":[70],"(CNNs)":[71],"also":[72],"presents":[73],"limitations,":[74],"including":[75],"data":[76],"dependency":[77],"problem":[80],"performance":[82],"upper":[83],"bounds.":[84],"To":[85],"address":[86],"these":[87],"challenges,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"fusion":[93],"approach":[94],"corner":[98,150],"using":[101],"RCS":[102],"under":[103],"agile":[104],"frequency":[105],"conditions.":[106,186],"We":[107],"introduce":[108],"an":[109],"automatic":[110],"weighting":[111],"module":[112],"based":[113],"channel":[115],"attention":[116],"mechanism":[117],"interpretable":[119,125],"features":[120,126,131],"extracted":[121],"manually.":[122],"These":[123],"weighted":[124],"are":[127],"combined":[128],"with":[129],"deep":[130],"from":[132],"improved":[134],"Omni-Scale":[135],"CNNs":[136],"(OS-CNN).":[137],"The":[138,160],"experiment":[139],"shows":[140],"that":[141],"proposed":[143],"method":[144],"effectively":[145],"discriminates":[146],"between":[147],"ships":[148],"reflectors":[151],"reduces":[153],"reliance":[154],"observation":[156],"angles":[157],"during":[158],"training.":[159],"overall":[161],"accuracy":[163],"test":[166],"set":[167],"reaches":[168],"96.2%,":[169],"higher":[170],"than":[171],"existing":[173],"methods":[174],"3.4%~10.6%,":[176],"robust":[179],"fluctuation":[182],"varying":[184],"sea":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}