{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391341230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3360119","title":"Prediction of the Low-Frequency Ambient Noise Level in the Northeast South China Sea Based on a Gated Recurrent Unit Network Model","display_name":"Prediction of the Low-Frequency Ambient Noise Level in the Northeast South China Sea Based on a Gated Recurrent Unit Network Model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391341230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3360119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3360119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3360119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047976412","display_name":"Yang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-2246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-2246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111116104","display_name":"Linxuan Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linxuan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000845394","display_name":"Zhaohui Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-4373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-4373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086024597","display_name":"Jiemeihui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5174-8073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimeihui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5174-8073","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748347","display_name":"Shuwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-8005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-8005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043020686","display_name":"Chun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-5943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100706919","display_name":"Yixin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-676X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-676X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2084,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86024935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-noise-level","display_name":"Ambient noise level","score":0.7908040285110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7617860436439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5669708251953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5238542556762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47764861583709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.4616957902908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4179626703262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-prediction","display_name":"Long-term prediction","score":0.4119845926761627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38688650727272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3583524227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3496093153953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.31216150522232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2181852161884308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21592098474502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1667933166027069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13135752081871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.11704036593437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.09257352352142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08233773708343506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205312793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002801","display_name":"Ambient noise level","level":3,"score":0.7908040285110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7617860436439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5669708251953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5238542556762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47764861583709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.4616957902908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4179626703262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776537626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4047883","display_name":"Long-term prediction","level":2,"score":0.4119845926761627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38688650727272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3583524227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3496093153953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31216150522232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2181852161884308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21592098474502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1667933166027069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13135752081871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.11704036593437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.09257352352142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08233773708343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3360119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3360119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5544579122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12174312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7526983892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41906160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G853134833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3102021HHZY030010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551284826","https://openalex.org/W1983567052","https://openalex.org/W1988711383","https://openalex.org/W2051925766","https://openalex.org/W2075933927","https://openalex.org/W2075962433","https://openalex.org/W2108532992","https://openalex.org/W2150033486","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2488406825","https://openalex.org/W2623708310","https://openalex.org/W2623980596","https://openalex.org/W2766968445","https://openalex.org/W2783635383","https://openalex.org/W2792200226","https://openalex.org/W2892240244","https://openalex.org/W2951179963","https://openalex.org/W2966875767","https://openalex.org/W2967877666","https://openalex.org/W3025313534","https://openalex.org/W3025949386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199220297","https://openalex.org/W2137769200","https://openalex.org/W2070821970","https://openalex.org/W2990600680","https://openalex.org/W2125784081","https://openalex.org/W2575223333","https://openalex.org/W4404088018","https://openalex.org/W2990285450","https://openalex.org/W757796128","https://openalex.org/W4312663240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93,144],"prediction":[1,43,62,118,146,168],"of":[2,17,31,44,78,130,140,184],"the":[3,21,40,45,86,103,112,152,157,166,173,181],"oceanic":[4,34,80,187],"ambient":[5,22,46,59,81,105],"noise":[6,23,47,60,82,106,153,182],"level":[7,24,48,61,155,183],"is":[8,49,72,148],"important":[9],"for":[10,136],"marine":[11],"mammal":[12],"protection":[13],"and":[14,36,101,133,151,162],"practical":[15],"applications":[16],"sonar":[18],"systems.":[19],"However,":[20],"often":[25],"changes":[26],"dynamically":[27,185],"as":[28,99],"a":[29,51,57,66,116,121,137],"result":[30],"atmospheric":[32],"processes,":[33,35],"human":[37],"activities":[38],"in":[39,85,156,179],"ocean.":[41],"Accurate":[42],"thus":[50],"challenging":[52],"problem.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"letter,":[56],"data-driven":[58],"method":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65],"Gated":[67],"Recurrent":[68],"Unit":[69],"network":[70],"(GRU-NL)":[71],"proposed.":[73],"A":[74],"long-term":[75,138],"(21-month)":[76],"dataset":[77,139],"low-frequency":[79],"(50-1600":[83],"Hz)":[84],"northeast":[87],"South":[88],"China":[89],"Sea":[90],"was":[91],"collected.":[92],"GRU-NL":[94],"model":[95,114,175],"uses":[96],"air\u2013sea":[97],"variables":[98],"inputs,":[100],"outputs":[102],"predicted":[104],"level.":[107],"Statistical":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"that":[111,172],"proposed":[113,174],"achieves":[115],"satisfying":[117],"accuracy,":[119],"with":[120],"root-mean-square":[122],"error":[123,147],"lower":[124],"than":[125],"2.5":[126],"dB":[127,161,164],"under":[128],"conditions":[129],"500,":[131],"1000":[132],"1600":[134],"Hz":[135],"roughly":[141],"four":[142],"months.":[143],"average":[145],"below":[149],"-2dB":[150],"spectral":[154],"interval":[158],"between":[159],"55":[160],"65":[163],"has":[165,176],"smallest":[167],"errors.":[169],"This":[170],"verifies":[171],"good":[177],"potential":[178],"predicting":[180],"changing":[186],"environments.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}