{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391248600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3358953","title":"Cross-Layer Feature Guided Multiscale Infrared Small Target Detection","display_name":"Cross-Layer Feature Guided Multiscale Infrared Small Target Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391248600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3358953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3358953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3358953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074379763","display_name":"Boyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8192-6904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8192-6904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100663885","display_name":"Xiuhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-0907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-0907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376086","display_name":"Songlin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3995-9580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songlin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112138769","display_name":"Yuye Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1213-5079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuye Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077210450","display_name":"Kangwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2807-6199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2807-6199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101146142","display_name":"Jian Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101296948","display_name":"Dangxuan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dangxuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.1273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99180082,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7968958616256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7201908826828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.65666663646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6276770830154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6084502339363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5862159132957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5138709545135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4874570369720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4830206334590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.45071941614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4431346654891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37260663509368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10550346970558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.08940023183822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0850737988948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.08007076382637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0637768805027008}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7968958616256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7201908826828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.65666663646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6276770830154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6084502339363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5862159132957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5138709545135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4874570369720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4830206334590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.45071941614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4431346654891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37260663509368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10550346970558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08940023183822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0850737988948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.08007076382637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0637768805027008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3358953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3358953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3167315294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1911401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208698404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61433012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8946407035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020D01C026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311028","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311028","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2540854551","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2908743003","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2942839421","https://openalex.org/W2970277117","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3017347451","https://openalex.org/W3046064342","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3124866053","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3198651093","https://openalex.org/W4226060438","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4313524854","https://openalex.org/W4313855945","https://openalex.org/W4320713379","https://openalex.org/W4376607843","https://openalex.org/W4387490583","https://openalex.org/W4388739256","https://openalex.org/W6757817989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W4394861761","https://openalex.org/W1977371217","https://openalex.org/W2035264131","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W1925461966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,30,183],"target":[2,112,184],"detection":[3,175],"(ISTD)":[4],"has":[5],"a":[6,68,107],"wide":[7],"range":[8],"of":[9,25,61,94,100,111],"applications":[10],"in":[11,32],"both":[12],"military":[13],"and":[14,22,27,70,115,137,152,157,168],"civilian":[15],"fields.":[16],"Due":[17],"to":[18,58,90,178],"their":[19],"low":[20],"contrast":[21],"the":[23,59,79,83,92,98,121,144,150,160],"absence":[24],"color":[26],"texture":[28],"information,":[29,132],"targets":[31],"infrared":[33,182],"images":[34],"can":[35],"be":[36],"readily":[37],"obscured":[38],"by":[39],"complex":[40],"background":[41],"clutter.":[42],"Most":[43],"existing":[44],"methods":[45],"primarily":[46],"concentrate":[47],"on":[48,149],"local":[49],"modeling,":[50],"but":[51],"they":[52],"lack":[53],"sufficient":[54],"feature":[55,63,73,86,131,138],"interactions,":[56],"leading":[57],"loss":[60],"valuable":[62],"information.":[64,117],"Hence,":[65],"we":[66,119],"propose":[67],"straightforward":[69],"efficient":[71],"cross-layer":[72],"guided":[74],"multiscale":[75,122,130],"network":[76],"(CMNet)":[77],"for":[78,181],"ISTD.":[80],"We":[81],"devise":[82],"adjacent":[84],"layer":[85],"guidance":[87,102],"strategy":[88],"(ALFG)":[89],"boost":[91],"expressiveness":[93],"low-level":[95],"features":[96],"through":[97],"utilization":[99],"semantic":[101],"from":[103],"high-level":[104],"features,":[105],"enabling":[106],"more":[108],"effective":[109],"capture":[110],"feature,":[113],"shape,":[114],"structure":[116],"Furthermore,":[118],"introduce":[120],"residual":[123],"connection":[124],"block":[125],"(MRCB)":[126],"that":[127],"thoroughly":[128],"leverages":[129],"consequently":[133],"augmenting":[134],"perceptual":[135],"ability":[136],"representation.":[139],"For":[140],"our":[141],"proposed":[142],"CMNet,":[143],"Intersection":[145,162],"over":[146,163],"Union":[147,164],"(IoU)":[148],"NUAA-SIRST":[151],"NUDT-SIRST":[153],"datasets":[154],"is":[155,166,188],"83.32%":[156],"95.74%,":[158],"while":[159],"normalized":[161],"(nIoU)":[165],"83.37%":[167],"95.61%,":[169],"respectively.":[170],"CMNet":[171],"exhibits":[172],"markedly":[173],"superior":[174],"performance":[176],"compared":[177],"other":[179],"networks":[180],"detection.":[185],"The":[186],"code":[187],"available":[189],"at":[190],"github.com/YuanMortal/CMNet.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}