{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391092606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3356507","title":"Context Feature Integration and Balanced Sampling Strategy for Small Weak Object Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery","display_name":"Context Feature Integration and Balanced Sampling Strategy for Small Weak Object Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391092606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3356507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3356507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3356507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101762239","display_name":"Zheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037082491","display_name":"Yongcheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-2956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongcheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-2956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034426972","display_name":"Yuxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-3912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-3912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066739815","display_name":"Yunxiao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-0262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunxiao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-0262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031947021","display_name":"Zhikang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-1454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-1454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101812560","display_name":"Hao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7948-4090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7948-4090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111365179","display_name":"Tianqi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9017-427X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9017-427X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88887348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9370999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9370999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9089000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7200357913970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6475281119346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5997857451438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5982523560523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.501884937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48664745688438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46549996733665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4603114128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.41736748814582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32150018215179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09958145022392273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7200357913970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6475281119346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5997857451438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5982523560523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.501884937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48664745688438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46549996733665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4603114128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.41736748814582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32150018215179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09958145022392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3356507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3356507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2005368619","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2986357608","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W3022917557","https://openalex.org/W3035396860","https://openalex.org/W3122050197","https://openalex.org/W3139555693","https://openalex.org/W3147835263","https://openalex.org/W3162930275","https://openalex.org/W3167308647","https://openalex.org/W3176495987","https://openalex.org/W3201260569","https://openalex.org/W3209073849","https://openalex.org/W3213833596","https://openalex.org/W4205932092","https://openalex.org/W4220775901","https://openalex.org/W4280563474","https://openalex.org/W4285820611","https://openalex.org/W4312710812","https://openalex.org/W4320002812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2737719445","https://openalex.org/W1983126463","https://openalex.org/W2095126257","https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W4292830139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"has":[2],"made":[3],"significant":[4],"achievements":[5],"in":[6,17,54,81,93,165],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"object":[9,49,73,181],"detection":[10,50],"tasks.":[11],"However,":[12],"small":[13,82,115,147,191],"weak":[14,83,116,148,192],"objects":[15,117,149,193],"located":[16],"complex":[18],"scenes":[19],"are":[20,37],"still":[21],"not":[22],"effectively":[23],"addressed.":[24],"The":[25,85],"lack":[26,78],"of":[27,79,146,171,179],"feature":[28,60],"information":[29,99],"and":[30,133,182,203,210],"negligible":[31],"contributions":[32],"during":[33,119,194],"the":[34,38,43,58,72,77,98,104,120,128,134,143,162,169,176,180,184,195,207,216],"optimization":[35,121,126],"stage":[36],"main":[39],"reasons.":[40],"To":[41],"solve":[42],"indicated":[44],"issues,":[45],"a":[46],"novel":[47],"remote-sensing":[48],"method":[51,200],"is":[52,64],"proposed":[53,199],"this":[55],"letter.":[56],"Firstly,":[57],"context":[59,110],"integration":[61],"module":[62],"(CFIM)":[63],"designed":[65],"to":[66,74,113,167,186,190],"extract":[67],"implicit":[68],"clues":[69],"co-occurring":[70],"with":[71],"compensate":[75],"for":[76,142],"features":[80],"objects.":[84],"receptive":[86],"field":[87],"expansive":[88],"deformable":[89],"convolution":[90],"(RFConv)":[91],"constructed":[92],"CFIM":[94],"can":[95],"adaptively":[96],"adjust":[97],"extraction":[100],"range":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103,206],"object\u2019s":[105],"characteristics,":[106],"thereby":[107],"capturing":[108],"suitable":[109],"features.":[111],"Secondly,":[112],"make":[114],"competitive":[118],"process,":[122],"we":[123],"propose":[124],"tailored":[125],"functions:":[127],"balanced":[129],"sampling":[130],"strategy":[131],"(BSS)":[132],"modulated":[135],"loss":[136,177],"function":[137],"(MLF).":[138],"BSS":[139,155],"makes":[140],"up":[141],"sample":[144],"deficiency":[145],"by":[150],"balancing":[151],"sampling.":[152],"More":[153],"specifically,":[154],"dynamically":[156],"mines":[157],"potential":[158],"positive":[159],"samples":[160],"from":[161],"ignored":[163],"set":[164],"order":[166],"increase":[168],"chances":[170],"matching.":[172],"MLF":[173],"progressively":[174],"adjusts":[175],"proportion":[178],"pushes":[183],"detector":[185],"be":[187],"more":[188],"sensitive":[189],"training":[196],"stage.":[197],"Our":[198],"achieves":[201],"94.79%":[202],"71.23%":[204],"mAP":[205],"NWPU":[208],"VHR-10":[209],"DIOR":[211],"datasets,":[212],"which":[213],"also":[214],"proves":[215],"effectiveness.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
