{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390776961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3352644","title":"A Nighttime Light Based Urban Sprawl Model Revealing Reduced Electricity Intensity With Increasing Urban Size","display_name":"A Nighttime Light Based Urban Sprawl Model Revealing Reduced Electricity Intensity With Increasing Urban Size","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390776961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3352644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3352644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3352644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068250169","display_name":"Kaifang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-2885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaifang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113094040","display_name":"Yueyan Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueyan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101442946","display_name":"Linlin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-9170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047693069","display_name":"Junru Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junru Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017607187","display_name":"Yuanzheng Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzheng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101880996","display_name":"Ting Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018783264","display_name":"Jinji Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinji Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087351521","display_name":"Chang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068250169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52208878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sprawl","display_name":"Urban sprawl","score":0.9803594946861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megacity","display_name":"Megacity","score":0.6792173385620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.6380332708358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4371846914291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.41825181245803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4028182923793793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4003397226333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.39217111468315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3849462568759918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-economics","display_name":"Natural resource economics","score":0.3240160346031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.20783910155296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.20739036798477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.10962483286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economy","display_name":"Economy","score":0.09786126017570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09763208031654358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C487182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban sprawl","level":3,"score":0.9803594946861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127040729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174844","display_name":"Megacity","level":2,"score":0.6792173385620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.6380332708358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4371846914291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.41825181245803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4028182923793793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4003397226333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.39217111468315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3849462568759918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3240160346031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.20783910155296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20739036798477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.10962483286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.09786126017570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09763208031654358}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2024.3352644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2024.3352644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7506400780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2108085QD156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7854097690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892095578","https://openalex.org/W1983564473","https://openalex.org/W2006680776","https://openalex.org/W2035554302","https://openalex.org/W2074119918","https://openalex.org/W2232310861","https://openalex.org/W2762686746","https://openalex.org/W2793787793","https://openalex.org/W2949168113","https://openalex.org/W2969811305","https://openalex.org/W3094044388","https://openalex.org/W4200189698","https://openalex.org/W4205800118","https://openalex.org/W4206898382","https://openalex.org/W4389331353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056014006","https://openalex.org/W656121716","https://openalex.org/W2095278931","https://openalex.org/W3153406193","https://openalex.org/W2359152176","https://openalex.org/W4377822983","https://openalex.org/W3009416822","https://openalex.org/W36151423","https://openalex.org/W1690951327","https://openalex.org/W2740855303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"urbanization":[1],"and":[2,30,48,62,107,178,207],"industrialization":[3],"continue":[4],"to":[5,19,56,101,149],"expand":[6],"globally,":[7],"<italic":[8,35],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[9,36],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">urban":[10],"sprawl</i>":[11],"(US)":[12],"has":[13,51],"emerged":[14],"as":[15,123],"a":[16,97,142],"significant":[17],"challenge":[18],"sustainable":[20,204],"development.":[21],"While":[22],"research":[23],"on":[24,42],"the":[25,57,66,103,114,133,160,164],"relationship":[26],"between":[27,105],"urban":[28,40,82,127,146,205],"sprawl":[29,41,83,147],"ecological":[31],"environments":[32],"is":[33,137,163],"well-established,":[34],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">the":[37],"effect":[38],"of":[39,59,116,145],"electricity":[43,108,153],"intensity</i>":[44],"(EUS)":[45],"at":[46],"meso":[47],"macro":[49],"scales":[50],"received":[52],"limited":[53],"attention":[54],"due":[55],"lack":[58],"reliable":[60],"data":[61,90,122],"methodologies.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"gap,":[67],"this":[68],"letter":[69],"examined":[70],"EUS":[71,182],"in":[72,75,152,166,188,199],"204":[73],"cities":[74,168,173,176],"China.":[76],"We":[77],"began":[78],"by":[79,171],"developing":[80,200],"an":[81,186],"index":[84],"using":[85,117],"nighttime":[86,118],"light":[87,119],"remote":[88,120],"sensing":[89,121],"for":[91,125,196,203],"quantifying":[92],"US.":[93],"Then,":[94],"we":[95,130],"employed":[96],"benchmark":[98],"econometric":[99],"model":[100],"quantify":[102],"relationships":[104],"US":[106,134,161],"intensity.":[109],"Our":[110],"results":[111],"demonstrated":[112],"that":[113,132,141,159],"effectiveness":[115],"proxies":[124],"identifying":[126],"sprawl.":[128],"Moreover,":[129],"found":[131],"coefficient":[135,162],"(0.181)":[136],"significantly":[138],"positive,":[139],"suggesting":[140],"higher":[143],"degree":[144],"leads":[148],"lower":[150],"efficiency":[151],"utilization.":[154],"Heterogeneity":[155],"analysis":[156],"also":[157],"shows":[158],"largest":[165],"small":[167],"(5.163),":[169],"followed":[170],"large":[172],"(4.344),":[174],"medium-sized":[175],"(4.188),":[177],"megacities":[179],"(0.311),":[180],"demonstrating":[181],"basically":[183],"decreases":[184],"with":[185],"increase":[187],"city":[189],"size.":[190],"These":[191],"findings":[192],"offered":[193],"valuable":[194],"insights":[195],"Chinese":[197],"policymakers":[198],"effective":[201],"strategies":[202],"development":[206],"energy":[208],"conservation.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}