{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389961203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3344873","title":"Extraction of Ground Photon for Photon Counting Lidar Over Rugged Mountainous Area Based on Wavelet Transform With Adaptive Window","display_name":"Extraction of Ground Photon for Photon Counting Lidar Over Rugged Mountainous Area Based on Wavelet Transform With Adaptive Window","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389961203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3344873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3344873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3344873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055706185","display_name":"Guanghui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guanghui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370931","display_name":"Hong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-9974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101281806","display_name":"Danlu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danlu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101975939","display_name":"Qiang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7067-454X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366776","display_name":"Yaping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-3830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Information Optics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055706185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57936186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7833636999130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7220832109451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6618515849113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5835245847702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49244222044944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.48535218834877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.4641273021697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4578808844089508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.4549020528793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.4275932312011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.303666889667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.286347359418869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.27781304717063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2529261112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18537303805351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14592280983924866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7833636999130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7220832109451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6618515849113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5835245847702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49244222044944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.48535218834877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4641273021697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4578808844089508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.4549020528793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4275932312011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.303666889667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.286347359418869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.27781304717063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2529261112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18537303805351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14592280983924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3344873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3344873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5846945464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62275113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2568967893","https://openalex.org/W2783102179","https://openalex.org/W2792703975","https://openalex.org/W2901674962","https://openalex.org/W2905283811","https://openalex.org/W3149173575","https://openalex.org/W4205339624","https://openalex.org/W4226059398","https://openalex.org/W4283399139","https://openalex.org/W4321484970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W4328050665"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"its":[1],"high":[2],"penetration,":[3],"spaceborne":[4,54],"photon-counting":[5,55],"LiDAR":[6],"can":[7,15],"acquire":[8],"the":[9,34,38,46,57,106,114,117,123,128,137,144,150,154,173,181,188],"vertical":[10,23],"structure":[11,43],"of":[12,21,41,53,116,153,164,169,183,190],"vegetation,":[13],"which":[14,69,112],"be":[16,177],"used":[17],"for":[18],"high-precision":[19],"inversion":[20,39],"vegetation":[22],"parameters":[24],"in":[25,72,136],"forest":[26,42,140],"remote":[27],"sensing.":[28],"Accurate":[29],"distinguishing":[30],"ground":[31,48,58,93,189],"photons":[32],"is":[33,61,70,89,109],"key":[35],"to":[36,91,122,180],"improve":[37],"accuracy":[40,152],"parameters.":[44],"In":[45,76],"current":[47],"photon":[49,59,94,99,184],"cloud":[50,60,101],"extraction":[51,151,182],"algorithms":[52],"LiDAR,":[56],"mostly":[62],"extracted":[63],"using":[64],"a":[65,79,167],"fixed":[66,118],"window":[67,80,108,119],"size,":[68],"weak":[71],"rugged":[73,138,191],"mountainous":[74],"areas.":[75],"this":[77],"letter,":[78],"adaptive":[81,104],"algorithm":[82,156,175],"based":[83],"on":[84,187],"particle":[85],"swarm":[86],"optimization":[87],"(PSO)":[88],"proposed":[90,155,174],"extract":[92],"point":[95,100,185],"clouds":[96,186],"from":[97],"de-noised":[98],"data.":[102],"Through":[103],"optimization,":[105],"classification":[107,129],"dynamically":[110],"determined,":[111],"solves":[113],"inadaptability":[115],"size":[120],"change":[121],"changing":[124],"target":[125],"characteristics,":[126],"reduces":[127],"error,":[130],"and":[131,166],"also":[132],"has":[133],"strong":[134],"adaptability":[135],"mountain":[139],"area.":[141],"Compared":[142],"with":[143,160],"Digital":[145],"Terrain":[146],"Model":[147],"(DTM)":[148],"data,":[149],"was":[157],"significantly":[158],"improved,":[159],"an":[161],"optimal":[162],"RMSE":[163],"0.95m":[165],"Bias":[168],"-0.27m,":[170],"indicating":[171],"that":[172],"could":[176],"well":[178],"applied":[179],"mountains.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00"}