{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386275790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3310206","title":"CTF-Net: A Convolutional and Transformer Fusion Network for SAR Ship Detection","display_name":"CTF-Net: A Convolutional and Transformer Fusion Network for SAR Ship Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386275790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3310206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3310206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3310206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057865121","display_name":"Haoyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9618-7268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9618-7268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101639443","display_name":"Lei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-4560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","School of information and communication engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-4560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of information and communication engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101927140","display_name":"Xiangwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-6679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351856","display_name":"Lin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-7858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114206649","display_name":"Wenjing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0697-7827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108304617","display_name":"Guiming Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guiming Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electronic information and computer engineering, The Engineering and Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95555006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.781413197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7480387687683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6095529794692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5908029675483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.5497565269470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4739534854888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4528152048587799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4357359707355499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.42768287658691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4051942825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36936062574386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.34267616271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3304378390312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.13318601250648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11110815405845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1098468005657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0782274603843689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781413197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7480387687683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6095529794692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5908029675483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.5497565269470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4739534854888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4528152048587799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4357359707355499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.42768287658691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4051942825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36936062574386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.34267616271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3304378390312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.13318601250648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11110815405845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1098468005657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0782274603843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3310206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3310206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2747165560","https://openalex.org/W2774244034","https://openalex.org/W2774618766","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2907034392","https://openalex.org/W2928007866","https://openalex.org/W2939196249","https://openalex.org/W2947256382","https://openalex.org/W2961699889","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3180045188","https://openalex.org/W3184840388","https://openalex.org/W3208019692","https://openalex.org/W4310379039","https://openalex.org/W4367665802","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6778485988","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W3110962985","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2081203575","https://openalex.org/W3016428515","https://openalex.org/W2096748030","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2747205507","https://openalex.org/W2887270943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"Aperture":[1],"Radar":[2],"is":[3,23,125,152],"an":[4,121],"active":[5],"remote":[6],"sensing":[7],"system":[8],"that":[9,115,179],"possesses":[10],"characteristics":[11],"such":[12,52,94],"as":[13,53,168,170],"all-weather":[14],"capability":[15],"and":[16,28,55,78,90,103,118,138,165],"strong":[17],"penetrability.":[18],"In":[19],"ship":[20,70,76],"detection,":[21,71],"SAR":[22,40,69,190,193],"widely":[24],"used":[25],"in":[26,37,44,68,192],"military":[27],"civilian":[29],"applications":[30],"due":[31,49],"to":[32,50,85,181],"its":[33],"excellent":[34],"properties.":[35],"However,":[36],"practical":[38],"applications,":[39],"often":[41],"faces":[42],"challenges":[43],"achieving":[45],"ideal":[46],"imaging":[47],"results":[48,67,177],"factors":[51],"height":[54],"sea":[56,80],"conditions.":[57],"Although":[58],"deep":[59],"learning-based":[60],"object":[61],"detection":[62,113,172,191],"methods":[63],"have":[64],"achieved":[65],"promising":[66],"the":[72,88,98,129,134,139,156,161,171,184],"small":[73],"size":[74],"of":[75,93,100,133,163,173],"targets":[77],"complex":[79],"clutter":[81],"make":[82],"it":[83],"difficult":[84],"further":[86],"improve":[87],"precision":[89],"recall":[91],"rates":[92],"algorithms.":[95],"To":[96],"address":[97],"challenge":[99],"balancing":[101],"global":[102,164],"local":[104,166],"features":[105,167],"using":[106],"convolution-based":[107],"algorithms,":[108],"this":[109],"paper":[110],"proposes":[111],"a":[112,144,148],"algorithm":[114],"integrates":[116],"convolution":[117,136],"transformers.":[119],"Firstly,":[120],"improved":[122,140],"transformer":[123,141],"module":[124,137,142],"designed,":[126],"which":[127],"fuses":[128],"output":[130],"feature":[131],"maps":[132],"traditional":[135],"through":[143],"parallel":[145,158],"structure.":[146],"Then,":[147],"novel":[149],"backbone":[150],"structure":[151],"developed":[153],"by":[154],"stacking":[155],"aforementioned":[157],"structures,":[159],"enabling":[160],"integration":[162],"well":[169],"multi-scale":[174],"features.":[175],"Experimental":[176],"demonstrate":[178],"compared":[180],"other":[182],"models,":[183],"proposed":[185],"method":[186],"achieves":[187],"more":[188],"effective":[189],"images.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
