{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385832167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3305617","title":"Auto Learner of Objects Co-Occurrence Knowledge for Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"Auto Learner of Objects Co-Occurrence Knowledge for Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385832167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3305617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3305617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3305617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087241474","display_name":"Kunlong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-4025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunlong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-4025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030451389","display_name":"Yifan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-6437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059660132","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-8817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-8817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020407070","display_name":"Weixian Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-9470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixian Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-9470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088385860","display_name":"Pingping Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-1183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-1183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59004566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7917717099189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7528690099716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6351826786994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.619683027267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5959743857383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5118631720542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4858498275279999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.484081894159317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4838356077671051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.48097312450408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45114845037460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44347497820854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4207685589790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.390570729970932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12445217370986938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7917717099189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7528690099716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6351826786994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.619683027267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5959743857383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5118631720542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4858498275279999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.484081894159317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4838356077671051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48097312450408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45114845037460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44347497820854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4207685589790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.390570729970932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12445217370986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3305617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3305617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3651026137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6485186611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JY20230008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321494","funder_display_name":"Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6835050377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019GG138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316339","funder_display_name":"Inner Mongolia Application Technology Research and Development Funding Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8125685149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316339","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Application Technology Research and Development Funding Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321494","display_name":"Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","ror":"https://ror.org/0487kvf73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005368619","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2512351403","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964979676","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W3170033848","https://openalex.org/W4214648418","https://openalex.org/W4225125774","https://openalex.org/W4311101830","https://openalex.org/W6620707391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2348924972","https://openalex.org/W2365736347","https://openalex.org/W2047454415","https://openalex.org/W2070040999","https://openalex.org/W2387293848","https://openalex.org/W2969228573","https://openalex.org/W2963690996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Object":[0],"detection":[1,33,77,100,157],"in":[2,34,75],"remote":[3],"sensing":[4],"images":[5],"(RSIs)":[6],"is":[7],"crucial":[8],"for":[9,88],"ground":[10],"observation":[11],"applications":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"land":[15],"surveying,":[16],"urban":[17],"planning,":[18],"and":[19,51,71,84,90,126,143,172],"precision":[20],"agriculture.":[21],"With":[22],"the":[23,29,47,76,110,117,121,128,137,146,169,173,178],"advent":[24],"of":[25,31,53,58,60,105,145],"convolutional":[26],"neural":[27],"networks,":[28],"performance":[30],"object":[32,92,99,114,156],"RSIs":[35],"has":[36,64],"been":[37],"significantly":[38],"improved.":[39],"However,":[40],"most":[41],"studies":[42],"have":[43],"focused":[44],"exclusively":[45],"on":[46,153],"feature":[48],"extraction,":[49],"processing,":[50],"representation":[52],"geographical":[54],"objects.":[55],"The":[56,107,141,164],"lack":[57],"integration":[59],"relevant":[61],"common-sense":[62],"knowledge":[63,94],"led":[65],"to":[66,133],"some":[67],"obvious":[68],"missed":[69],"detections":[70],"illogical":[72],"false":[73],"alarms":[74],"results.":[78],"This":[79],"letter":[80],"proposes":[81],"a":[82,96],"novel":[83],"widely":[85],"applicable":[86],"approach":[87],"updating":[89],"fusing":[91],"co-occurrence":[93,130],"into":[95],"two-stage":[97,162],"multi-class":[98,155],"framework,":[101],"called":[102],"Auto":[103],"Learner":[104],"Co-occurrence.":[106],"method":[108,148,179],"captures":[109],"correlation":[111],"between":[112],"different":[113],"categories":[115],"during":[116],"training":[118],"process":[119],"with":[120,136],"Co-occurrence":[122],"Knowledge":[123,138],"Updating":[124],"module":[125],"utilizes":[127],"established":[129],"weight":[131],"matrix":[132],"enhance":[134],"classification":[135],"Fusing":[139],"module.":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"adaptability":[144],"proposed":[147],"were":[149],"validated":[150],"through":[151],"experiments":[152,165],"two":[154],"datasets":[158],"using":[159],"four":[160],"popular":[161],"detectors.":[163],"also":[166],"indicate":[167],"that":[168],"speed":[170],"penalty":[171],"parameter":[174],"increase":[175],"resulting":[176],"from":[177],"are":[180],"negligible.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}