{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380032335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3284662","title":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Multidirectional Cumulative Measure","display_name":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Multidirectional Cumulative Measure","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380032335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3284662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3284662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3284662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060747081","display_name":"Guofeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-6312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guofeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, &#x00DC;r&#x00FC;mqi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, &#x00DC;r&#x00FC;mqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075133420","display_name":"Askar Hamdulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2321-308X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Askar Hamdulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, &#x00DC;r&#x00FC;mqi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, &#x00DC;r&#x00FC;mqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075551339","display_name":"Hongbing Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbing Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060747081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86171658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7533495426177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.680897057056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6701958775520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5015971660614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.494660347700119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hotspot","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","score":0.49439501762390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48896467685699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.48513802886009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.44210225343704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-acquisition","display_name":"Target acquisition","score":0.41342467069625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38596034049987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33127543330192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.15732133388519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08087265491485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7533495426177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.680897057056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6701958775520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5015971660614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.494660347700119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146481406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105131","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","level":2,"score":0.49439501762390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48896467685699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.48513802886009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.44210225343704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7685884","display_name":"Target acquisition","level":2,"score":0.41342467069625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38596034049987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33127543330192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.15732133388519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08087265491485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3284662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3284662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4132105060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61563049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4401023024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BNR2019TD01022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329777","funder_display_name":"Beijing National Research Center For Information Science And Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7199817203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAST2019-048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330207","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329777","display_name":"Beijing National Research Center For Information Science And Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330207","display_name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2942839421","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3039072276","https://openalex.org/W3087883793","https://openalex.org/W3098726713","https://openalex.org/W4212863773","https://openalex.org/W4288391611","https://openalex.org/W4320005476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2095116634","https://openalex.org/W1598209139","https://openalex.org/W2308064968","https://openalex.org/W2052706302","https://openalex.org/W1506254081","https://openalex.org/W2089867446","https://openalex.org/W1994690353","https://openalex.org/W2079097645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robustness":[0],"of":[1,16,27,58,95,103,139],"small":[2,141],"target":[3,60,114],"detection":[4],"is":[5,19,66,83,98,110,137],"a":[6,48,149,154],"researchable":[7],"hotspot":[8],"in":[9,21,68,85,148],"infrared":[10],"surveillance":[11],"system.":[12],"The":[13],"residual":[14],"phenomenon":[15],"background":[17,72,147],"clutter":[18],"universal":[20],"current":[22],"local":[23],"comparison":[24],"methods.":[25],"Algorithm":[26],"sparse":[28],"low-rank":[29],"decomposition":[30],"restoration":[31],"cannot":[32],"be":[33],"applied":[34],"to":[35,40,53,74,88,100,120,122],"the":[36,41,76],"actual":[37],"situations":[38],"due":[39],"long":[42],"time":[43],"consumption.":[44],"This":[45],"letter":[46],"proposes":[47],"multi-directional":[49,79],"cumulative":[50,63,80],"measure":[51],"(MDCM)":[52],"enhance":[54],"saliency":[55],"and":[56,71,152],"effectiveness":[57],"weak-small":[59],"detection.":[61],"Firstly,multi-directional":[62],"mean":[64],"difference":[65],"implemented":[67],"central":[69],"layer":[70,73,87],"estimate":[75],"background,":[77],"while":[78],"derivative":[81],"multiplying":[82],"calculated":[84],"central-active":[86],"characterize":[89],"overall":[90],"target\u2019s":[91],"heterogeneity,":[92],"then":[93],"technology":[94,109],"image":[96],"fusion":[97],"adopted":[99],"eliminate":[101],"interference":[102],"false":[104],"target.":[105],"Finally,a":[106],"simple":[107],"adjudicative":[108],"employed":[111],"toward":[112],"separated":[113],"region":[115],"from":[116,144],"complex":[117],"scenes.":[118],"Compared":[119],"up":[121],"date":[123],"existing":[124],"approaches,":[125],"extensive":[126],"simulational":[127],"testing":[128],"on":[129],"four":[130],"public":[131],"datasets":[132],"prove":[133],"that":[134],"proposed":[135],"approach":[136],"capable":[138],"separating":[140],"targets":[142],"efficiently":[143],"an":[145],"irregular":[146],"single-scale":[150],"window":[151],"achieve":[153],"comparable":[155],"or":[156],"even":[157],"better":[158],"accuracy.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
