{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376456645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3274449","title":"Compact Long-Range Single-Photon Underwater Lidar With High Spatial\u2013Temporal Resolution","display_name":"Compact Long-Range Single-Photon Underwater Lidar With High Spatial\u2013Temporal Resolution","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376456645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3274449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3274449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3274449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020938578","display_name":"Mingjia Shangguan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-2173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingjia Shangguan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111566439","display_name":"Zhifeng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036200006","display_name":"Zaifa Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaifa Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027844391","display_name":"Zhongping Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongping Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025609349","display_name":"Haiyun Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-4802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyun Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102965648","display_name":"Zhenwu Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2970-2564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwu Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and the Department of Applied Marine Physics and Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020938578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98961039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8181031942367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.558790922164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5321782231330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5140689611434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4827803671360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4794677495956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.4518028795719147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.43409767746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.42695683240890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14621126651763916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8181031942367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.558790922164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5321782231330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5140689611434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4827803671360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4794677495956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.4518028795719147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.43409767746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.42695683240890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14621126651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3274449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3274449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4418386297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020J01026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5212311007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3901704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G91104823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2106210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327042","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577920937","https://openalex.org/W1968509825","https://openalex.org/W1982794055","https://openalex.org/W2020309854","https://openalex.org/W2044290718","https://openalex.org/W2078106796","https://openalex.org/W2086814542","https://openalex.org/W2131073508","https://openalex.org/W2440803111","https://openalex.org/W2550761139","https://openalex.org/W2615383576","https://openalex.org/W2622224452","https://openalex.org/W2751599607","https://openalex.org/W2807682560","https://openalex.org/W2989794976","https://openalex.org/W3005413948","https://openalex.org/W3011451421","https://openalex.org/W3011543574","https://openalex.org/W3082833714","https://openalex.org/W3105885477","https://openalex.org/W3163404438","https://openalex.org/W3176394734","https://openalex.org/W4210813104","https://openalex.org/W4224298685","https://openalex.org/W4226090709","https://openalex.org/W4285089051","https://openalex.org/W4293156074","https://openalex.org/W6634591809","https://openalex.org/W6841806838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W2385996594","https://openalex.org/W4328050665","https://openalex.org/W2544596442","https://openalex.org/W2594230586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oceanic":[0],"lidar":[1,35,146,155],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,32,48,65,74,81,95,179,185,205,218],"strong":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,37,109,169,178],"oceanic":[9,16],"three-dimensional":[10],"remote":[11,223],"sensing.":[12],"However,":[13],"most":[14],"existing":[15],"lidars":[17],"are":[18],"bulky":[19],"and":[20,73,99,112,171,190,194,235],"high-power":[21],"consumption,":[22],"thus":[23],"difficult":[24],"to":[25,46,93,140,173,200],"enable":[26],"underwater":[27,39,197,237],"operation.":[28],"Here":[29],"we":[30],"present":[31],"compact":[33],"single-photon":[34,42,55,154],"system":[36],"long-range":[38,59,236],"measurement.":[40],"A":[41,103],"detector":[43],"was":[44,62,91,106,131],"adopted":[45],"achieve":[47],"high":[49,88,96,100,137,186,206],"signal-to-noise":[50],"ratio.":[51],"Benefiting":[52],"from":[53,128],"the":[54,110,123,142,153,192,229],"sensitivity":[56],"in":[57,115,217],"detection,":[58],"active":[60],"detection":[61,150],"realized":[63],"with":[64,87,136],"low":[66],"pulse":[67],"energy":[68],"laser":[69,86],"at":[70,77,204],"1":[71],"\u03bcJ":[72],"small-aperture":[75],"coupler":[76],"12":[78],"mm.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"narrow":[82],"linewidth":[83],"picosecond":[84],"fiber":[85],"repetition":[89],"rate":[90,188,208],"employed":[92],"guarantee":[94],"spatial":[97],"resolution":[98,139],"update":[101,187,207],"rate.":[102],"fiber-connected":[104],"configuration":[105],"specially":[107],"designed":[108],"miniaturized":[111],"robust":[113],"structure":[114],"an":[116,120],"optical":[117],"receiver.":[118],"In":[119],"experimental":[121],"demonstration,":[122],"profile":[124],"of":[125,144,152,196,209,220,225,231],"backscattered":[126],"signal":[127],"clean":[129],"water":[130],"obtained":[132],"over":[133],"70":[134],"m":[135,202],"spatial-temporal":[138],"demonstrate":[141],"capability":[143,189],"this":[145],"system.":[147],"The":[148],"maximum":[149],"distance":[151],"reaches":[156],"~3.6/":[157],"<italic":[158,162,175],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[159,163,176],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">K<sub>d</sub></i>":[160,164,177],"(":[161],",":[165],"diffuse":[166],"attenuation":[167],"coefficient)":[168],"waterbody":[170],"up":[172,199],"5.5/":[174],"hard":[180],"target.":[181],"Furthermore,":[182],"it":[183],"exhibits":[184],"realizes":[191],"localization":[193],"quantification":[195,230],"bubbles":[198],"26":[201],"away":[203],"100":[210],"Hz.":[211],"These":[212],"results":[213],"indicate":[214],"its":[215],"potential":[216],"variety":[219],"applications":[221],"including":[222],"sensing":[224],"marine":[226],"biogeochemical":[227],"parameters,":[228],"seabed":[232],"gas":[233],"emissions,":[234],"imaging.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
