{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323022310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3251723","title":"Micro-Doppler Extraction for Cone-Shaped Target Using Constrained Nonnegative Matrix Factorization","display_name":"Micro-Doppler Extraction for Cone-Shaped Target Using Constrained Nonnegative Matrix Factorization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323022310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3251723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3251723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3251723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033116182","display_name":"Xuguang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-657X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuguang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102481865","display_name":"Cunqian Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunqian Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033116182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57043101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.8317848443984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-negative-matrix-factorization","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","score":0.8111072778701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5207383632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5107024312019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.49368366599082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.488224059343338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4835209846496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4752747118473053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4635327160358429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4590226113796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonality","display_name":"Orthogonality","score":0.43057122826576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4259892702102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4225500226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4104103446006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2915748357772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.095955491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08967015147209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.0873345136642456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.8317848443984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152671427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10843505","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","level":4,"score":0.8111072778701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5207383632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5107024312019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.49368366599082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.488224059343338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4835209846496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4752747118473053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4635327160358429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4590226113796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.43057122826576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4259892702102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4225500226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4104103446006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2915748357772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.095955491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08967015147209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0873345136642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3251723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3251723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1423501377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JQ-361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565952470","https://openalex.org/W2032944446","https://openalex.org/W2054721366","https://openalex.org/W2063069198","https://openalex.org/W2089917999","https://openalex.org/W2192671704","https://openalex.org/W2328735579","https://openalex.org/W2505399031","https://openalex.org/W2742644795","https://openalex.org/W2746454943","https://openalex.org/W2785852980","https://openalex.org/W2793121084","https://openalex.org/W2926354790","https://openalex.org/W2940654323","https://openalex.org/W2957484200","https://openalex.org/W2970711534","https://openalex.org/W3088788531","https://openalex.org/W3125836118","https://openalex.org/W3136467379","https://openalex.org/W3163899316","https://openalex.org/W3189345586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153775038","https://openalex.org/W2551137307","https://openalex.org/W2113526703","https://openalex.org/W2152353763","https://openalex.org/W2396837968","https://openalex.org/W2065762479","https://openalex.org/W2127243424","https://openalex.org/W2123043102","https://openalex.org/W2098101267","https://openalex.org/W2577807713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Micro-Doppler":[0],"(MD)":[1],"extraction":[2,19],"is":[3,30,57,74],"the":[4,33,37,42,54,61,67,78,96,101,108],"precondition":[5],"for":[6,17],"target":[7],"classification":[8],"based":[9,20],"on":[10,21,95],"micro-motion.":[11],"This":[12],"letter":[13],"proposes":[14],"a":[15],"method":[16],"MD":[18,62,90,102],"constrained":[22],"nonnegative":[23],"matrix":[24,80],"factorization":[25],"(NMF).":[26],"The":[27],"proposed":[28,109],"algorithm":[29],"applied":[31],"to":[32,59,99],"time-frequency":[34,68],"spectrogram":[35,69],"of":[36,70],"cone-shaped":[38],"precession":[39],"target.":[40],"Taking":[41],"sparsity":[43],"constraint,":[44,47],"temporal":[45],"continuity":[46],"and":[48,65,81,89,117],"approximate":[49],"orthogonality":[50],"constraint":[51],"into":[52],"consideration,":[53],"basic":[55],"NMF":[56],"improved":[58],"match":[60],"separation":[63],"problem,":[64],"thus":[66],"each":[71],"scattering":[72],"center":[73],"reconstructed":[75,97],"by":[76],"deriving":[77],"basis":[79],"coefficient":[82],"matrix.":[83],"Morphological":[84],"processing,":[85],"valid":[86],"frequency":[87],"extraction,":[88],"curve":[91],"fitting":[92],"are":[93],"conducted":[94],"spectrograms":[98],"extract":[100],"accurately.":[103],"Experiment":[104],"results":[105],"show":[106],"that":[107],"approach":[110],"outperforms":[111],"other":[112],"algorithms":[113],"with":[114],"better":[115],"accuracy":[116],"robustness.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
