{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315474767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3235714","title":"A Method of Rainfall Detection From X-Band Marine Radar Image Based on the Principal Component Feature Extracted","display_name":"A Method of Rainfall Detection From X-Band Marine Radar Image Based on the Principal Component Feature Extracted","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315474767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3235714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3235714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3235714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007278408","display_name":"Yanbo Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-2314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117164","display_name":"Luoyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/029man787","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677482","display_name":"Yalin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-8954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152160","display_name":"Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04zs83x19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yalin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100909550","display_name":"Huili Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huili Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015628923","display_name":"Zhizhong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-9093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhizhong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007278408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94512927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6960388422012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6925339698791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6740875244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6495577692985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5583744645118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.5407218337059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5364566445350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48806703090667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45472705364227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43805402517318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.42889881134033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4198470115661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.39883852005004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37480634450912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2330765724182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07581397891044617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6960388422012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6925339698791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6740875244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6495577692985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5583744645118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5407218337059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5364566445350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48806703090667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45472705364227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43805402517318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.42889881134033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4198470115661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39883852005004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37480634450912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2330765724182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07581397891044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2023.3235714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2023.3235714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1667052903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22A170015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335955","funder_display_name":"Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8370905002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"212102210272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336593","funder_display_name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335955","display_name":"Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336593","display_name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027282652","https://openalex.org/W2122596619","https://openalex.org/W2169618946","https://openalex.org/W2177347332","https://openalex.org/W2294878026","https://openalex.org/W2554635809","https://openalex.org/W2588262451","https://openalex.org/W2617899471","https://openalex.org/W2768106960","https://openalex.org/W2774732543","https://openalex.org/W2883691056","https://openalex.org/W2975006053","https://openalex.org/W2999742312","https://openalex.org/W3000760319","https://openalex.org/W3008978047","https://openalex.org/W3039347083","https://openalex.org/W3081939313","https://openalex.org/W3098996042","https://openalex.org/W3112907130","https://openalex.org/W3128733368","https://openalex.org/W3157371163","https://openalex.org/W3162425563","https://openalex.org/W4210827313","https://openalex.org/W4212905977","https://openalex.org/W4288081101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336974148","https://openalex.org/W2146076056","https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W2166213322","https://openalex.org/W203536286","https://openalex.org/W2366390874","https://openalex.org/W2546942002","https://openalex.org/W2056016498","https://openalex.org/W2883887418","https://openalex.org/W3021364800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"it":[1,17],"is":[2,18,55,99,131],"difficult":[3],"to":[4,20,30,64,81,101],"filter":[5],"out":[6],"the":[7,12,23,32,35,40,75,79,85,88,103,107,112,121,125,137,144,152],"rainfall":[8,28,43,52,113,157],"interference":[9,29],"directly":[10],"from":[11,70],"X-band":[13,46],"marine":[14,47],"radar":[15,25,36,48,71,108,114],"image,":[16],"necessary":[19],"detect":[21],"whether":[22],"collected":[24],"image":[26,109],"contains":[27],"control":[31],"quality":[33],"of":[34,42,106,124,136],"image.":[37,115],"Aiming":[38],"at":[39],"problem":[41],"recognition":[44],"in":[45],"images,":[49],"a":[50],"new":[51],"detection":[53,122],"method":[54,127,146],"proposed":[56,126,145],"by":[57],"using":[58],"principal":[59],"component":[60],"analysis":[61],"(PCA)":[62],"technology":[63],"reduce":[65],"dimensions":[66],"and":[67,84,110,130],"extract":[68],"features":[69,80],"images.":[72],"Based":[73],"on":[74],"calculated":[76],"distance":[77],"between":[78],"be":[82],"tested":[83],"known":[86],"features,":[87],"<inline-formula":[89],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[90],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[91],"<tex-math":[92],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k$":[93],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[94],"-nearest":[95],"neighbor":[96],"(KNN)":[97],"algorithm":[98],"utilized":[100],"determine":[102],"classification":[104,149],"task":[105],"recognize":[111],"The":[116],"experimental":[117],"result":[118],"illuminates":[119],"that":[120,135],"accuracy":[123],"reaches":[128],"99.3%":[129],"2.0%":[132],"higher":[133],"than":[134],"support":[138],"vector":[139],"machine":[140],"(SVM)-based":[141],"method.":[142],"Meanwhile,":[143],"shows":[147],"good":[148],"performance":[150],"for":[151],"rain-contaminated":[153],"images":[154],"under":[155],"different":[156],"intensities.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
